When the CEO’s Personal Crusade Drives Decisions

The DM Bicycle Company (DMBC) had finally found itself with record hitting orders however, Gino Duncan DMBC’s CEO made it a point in the company’s budget meeting that a majority of the expected revenues will be used for the company’s new Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program focusing on Batten disease. This decision has been met with a lot of negative feedback from everyone in the company, they all believe that Gino wants to focus his CSR efforts on finding a cure for his daughter’s disease and that he does not have the company’s best interest in his actions.Carolyn Bridges, DM Bicycle Company’s HR director has to make it a point to set Gino straight. First and foremost, Carolyn needs to get more people on her side to be able to convince Gino but, considering that a number of employees from Jim Mitner, DMBC’s CFO to some of the front liners of the company, have the same concers. Carolyn, as the HR director she is in charge of e mployee morale, development and compensation should act as the spokesperson and representative of the workforce.She should confront Gino about how the employees feel about: (1) Gino prioritizing the budget on a CSR project to find a cure for his daughters disease which is backed up by his decision to set their current CSR program â€Å"Ride for Life†, a hard worked for program which had successfully raised employee morale and company public relations; on hold, (2) if participation in the new CSR will affect their evaluation and promotion, (3) and the scare of not having a CEO totally on board for the growth and benefit of the company.If left unattended the company might find employee morale falling and productivity down at a time the company needs a well-oiled workforce to meet the record rate demands it is currently faced with. Carolyn needs to make it a point that we keep employee morale high at this very critical transition point of the company.Moreover, Carolyn has to get others like Jim Miniter, DMBC’s CFO, and Gino’s close friend help come on her side to convince Gino that the company should prioritize improving the company’s financial position instead of spending it on noble causes because it has just gone through 3 tough years financially, they are in no position to spend most of its money in a CSR effort which will also give little gains to the company not like what â€Å"Ride for Life† has done for the DMBC.If all of the plans fail to convince Gino Carolyn should escalate the issue as the spokesperson of the workforce to the Board of Directors who have the power to overrule Gino’s decision in what should be the parameters of the company’s CSR they will implement. Moving forward, the CSR policies should not be for the CEO to decide but, something that is agreed upon by each department and agreed upon by the Board of Directors to make sure that we do not get into an issue of conflict of interest like thi s again.

My philosophy in nursing Essay

My philosophy in nursing is to uphold the dignity of my patients during their vulnerable time of need, care for the patients physically, emotionally, spiritually, and mentally; current beliefs and values that I try to uphold throughout my life. According to Chitty, â€Å"philosophy is defined as the study of the principles underlying conduct, thought, and the nature of the universe† (p. 318). To determine my philosophy of nursing care I had to reevaluate my beliefs and values. see more:my philosophy of life My values are learned from my personal growth, involvement with family and friends, and respecting others beliefs and opinions. My beliefs are that modern medicine is a great way of healing through research and technology. I believe patients mental and physical health needs should be evaluated and treated if necessary by a healthcare team and support groups. As part of the team, I will care for the patients and their families during distressed times. I will work as an advocate to carry out, to the best of my knowledge and skills, the essential care to provide the best experience in healthcare that each patient and family deserves. I believe nursing care needs to be holistic, â€Å"nourishing the whole person,  that is, the body, mind and spirit† (Chitty, 2007 p. 312); I think that is what defines us as nurses in the healthcare field. It is the nurse’s responsibility to incorporate our knowledge, skills and available resources, so we can improve our patient’s quality of life. The American Nurses Association, ANA, defines nursing as â€Å"the protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury† (Lance, 2007, p. 11). I try to incorporate these elements into my nursing practice; practicing my profession with care, compassion, and humanity. Being able to relate to people of different cultures and backgrounds will allow me to connect with a greater variety of patients and families. I come from an area where there are people from a variety of cultural backgrounds, socioeconomic status, and different spiritual beliefs and we all get along. We spend time together and their families are accepting. These experiences were needed to give me the knowledge to provide heightened nursing care to patients and their families. I believe in the importance of continuing education in nursing. To continue giving proficient patient care, it is important to remain educated on current research and evidence based practice, keeping licensures and certifications current. According to Randell, Tate and Lougheed, â€Å"it is important to reflect what we do as nurses so we keep learning† (p. 62). This allows patients to receive high quality nursing care. I will strive to apply my nursing philosophy to my nursing practice by continuing to reevaluate my beliefs and values as I grow in my profession and as a person. I will continue my education aiming to advance in my nursing practice, but continuing to remember nursing’s holistic point of view. This will allow me to care for my patients and their families more effectively. I will maintain my own physical, mental and emotional health, so I can continue giving the best care I am capable of to people in need. REFERENCESTC â€Å"REFERENCES† Chitty, K. K. (2007). Professional Nursing Concepts & Challenges (5th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Inc. Retrieved February 16, 2008, from University of Phoenix Library. Lance, K. (2007). Nurse life care planning. _Virginia Nurses Today,_ 52 (2), 11. Retrieved February 16, 2008, from Ebscohost database. Randell, C. E., Tate B., & Lougheed M. (2007). Emancipatory teaching-learning philosophy and practice education in acute care: navigating tensions. _Journal of Nursing,_ 46 (2), 62. Retrieved February 18, 2008, from EBSCOhost database.

Kant and Singer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kant and Singer - Essay Example It does not dictate equal treatment of all interests, in the belief that different interests guarantee different treatment (Singer 26). Human beings, therefore, give significant interests priority over minor interests. Apart from justifying different treatment for different interests, this principle calls for different treatment of the same interest where diminishing marginal utility is a factor. This philosophy of Singer requires the concept of impartiality while comparing interests. Singer asserts that a person’s interests must always be weighed according to the person’s existing properties. The major interests in human beings are those that satisfy the basic need for food and shelter, develop one’s abilities, avoid pain, and enjoy warm personal relationships and those that allow a person to pursue his or her project without interference. These major interests entitle a person to equal consideration in the capacity of happiness and suffering. Singer’s approach favors a model of life where he measures the minor interest from their wrongness of frustrating the goals of life. Singer argues that eating of animals and using them for scientific research is morally indefensible (Singer 48). From his perspective, like human beings, animals have interests and are, therefore, sentient. More so, since animals have interests, they are entitled to moral consi deration. Every genuine interest should be treated with the same weight, regardless of whether it is an animal or human being. He describes eating animals as an unnecessary imposition of pain and suffering upon animals. Human beings satisfy their dietary preferences by inflicting such pain on animals, but beyond that, no good comes of it. This gets based on the fact that even heavy consumption of meat poses serious health dangers to human beings. Singer views the use of animals in a scientific experiment as a morally defensible act in the fact that it produces knowledge and in particular medical research. Since medical research produces cures for diseases, there are more goods to be balanced against the pain and suffering of animals. This benefit is much better than the human satisfaction obtained from meat consumption. Singer’s view is based on moral reasoning based on a cost-benefit analysis. Singer’s view on euthanasia and abortion are consistent with his general et hical principles. Singer categorizes euthanasia into non-voluntary, voluntary and involuntary. Singer only consents to voluntary euthanasia in the fact that there are no other interests to be weighed against the interest of a person. In Singer’s view, abortion is wrong in that it is the killing of an innocent human life. This argument is deductively valid in that a fetus becomes a human being from the point of conception (Singer 98). Although Singer finds this argument flawed from the fact that child development is a gradual process, the validity still lies in the fact that life as a journey starts at the point where life begins; conception. Singer states that the arguments for or against abortion should be based on a utilitarian perspective. This perspective compares the interests of a woman against the interest of the fetus. He believes that any interest sought to be gained or avoided; despite all the harm or benefits caused corresponds directly to a person’s satisfa ction or frustration. He argues that, at around eighteen weeks, a fetus has no ability to experience sensations like satisfaction or frustration which is a prerequisite to having any interests (Singer 63). Therefore, from a utilitarian perspective, nothing can be weighed against a woman’s interest to have an abortion. As a result, abortion is morally permissible. Immanuel Kant

Financial advocacy in grades 112 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial advocacy in grades 112 - Essay Example Also at the grade level, there are both private and public schools which should be taken as expanding the scope of basic knowledge given to the young children. According to Peterson (2007, a society that seeks for financial responsibility must involve the young people in the decision making that concerns their future. The future decisions are dependent on the way a young person will be able to comprehend the value of the decision being made for his/her welfare. The age, at which the grades covers are receptive to new ideas, therefore the learning would not go to waste i.e. pre-school, nursery school or head start, as well as junior high school (middle school) fits well in the same category. Kindergarten covers age 5-6, grade one covers age 6-7, grade two covers age 7-8, grade three covers age 8-9, grade four covers age 9-10, grade five covers age 10-11 and grade six covers age 11-12.Junior high school and high school are in many places merged in to one consisting of a high school with grades 8-12. The senior public which consists of grades 7 and 8, with ages 12-13, grade eight (freshman year) ages 13-14, grade nine (sopho

The subterranean museum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The subterranean museum - Assignment Example I personally find this ridiculous. While many people were targeted by the Holocaust, Jews were by far the most targeted. When Hitler enacted the final solution, it was not the final solution to deal with the problem of mentally handicapped people, nor was it the final solution to deal with gays and lesbians. It was the final solution to end the existence of the Jewish people, and the industrial slaughter machine was targeted solely at Jews. Of course everyone needs to be remembered in some way, but I also think it’s perfectly fair that there is a memorial specifically for Jews, and I think it should be the biggest and most important one. There was also a great deal of controversy over the inclusion of a subterranean museum, or â€Å"Ort.† The original designer did not like to include a subterranean museum, but one was built alongside the memorial anyway. I don’t think that it really mattered whether or not the museum was included with the project. Surely a museum about the Holocaust needed to be included somewhere, and most people visiting one site would probably visit the other. It does perhaps take away some of the solemnity of the memorial itself, by turning it into numbers and digits, however. There was also a great deal of conversation about whether it was appropriate for America to have a Holocaust memorial, when the Holocaust was perpetrated in Europe. I think that this is a waste of taxpayers’ money, and there are better ways to remember America’s role in

Prin of Organizational Behav Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prin of Organizational Behav - Assignment Example It is not in the best interest of any company to have a high employee turnover rate. It takes money and time to properly train an employee. Also new employees must master the learning curve of their job to become effective workers. Another con associated with high employee turnover is loss of tacit knowledge (Goessl). Employee turnover can hurt a company especially when the firm loses employees that are hard to replace due to a shortage of talent available in the job market. There are different personality types or managerial styles. Three of those styles are charismatic, transactional, and transformational leaders. A charismatic manager is a person that uses their personal abilities to have a profound effect on their workers. This type of personality is effective at the executive management level. The personality type that I think is most effective for your typical manager is transactional leader. A transactional manager is a person that performs the necessary exchanges with their employees to ensure they get the job done. A bad decision maker is a person that does not use the scientific method in order to analyze potential solutions to find the best alternative to solve a problem. Another characteristic of poor decision makers is that they do not listen to the input from their co-workers. Good decision makers follow the six step rational model to make decisions. The six step rational decision model is illustrated below: 5. What variable pay programs does your organization use? If your company does not use variable pay programs, do you think they should? Why or Why Not? Do you think the addition of these programs would be motivational for the employees in your organization? The organization I work for does not use variable pay programs. I believe that the company should implement the use of variable pay program. The reason I believe variable pay would be beneficial to both the

In the light of the global financial crisis, discuss how the Essay - 2

In the light of the global financial crisis, discuss how the remuneration of chief executives of banks should be determined - Essay Example It was observed by several economists that for banks, one of the major reasons of not been able to survive during the financial crisis is the remuneration policies for the bank CEOs. Mcgarvey (2012) illustrates the fact that even in the era of financial instability of the world economy, salaries of CEOs is just climbing up without any adequate justification of such high salaries. This in-turn also exposes banks and other firms to higher risks without promising that the high paid CEO will turn away those risks coming in their way. Hence in the banking sector especially, it is important to devise polices, which ensures that CEOs are paid in the interest of the bank and not more than their potential and skills (Mcgarvey, 2012). Determining the Remuneration of Chief Executives 1. Maintaining Equilibrium between the bank’s profit and remunerations. The prime objective of any bank is to attract investors and get more capability to land money to others. Therefore, the shareholders ha ve to make sure that the remuneration of the CEO is aligned with the bank’s profit. In the period of the financial crisis, if the bank is making a good profit, then paying high salary to the CEO is justified. However, in case the bank is losing its clients and the profit is shrinking, the salary of the CEO should also be reduced proportionally, to maintain equilibrium between the bank’s profits and expenditures (NCNB, 2006). 2. ... In this scenario, paying a CEO who is less talented and skilful can reduce the morale and passion of other employees of the bank. Therefore, it is a very important factor, especially during the financial crisis, to pay CEOs as per their skill, talent and ability to benefit the bank. In addition to this, it is also important to measure the contribution of each employee when the bank is progressing. If the salary of a CEO is increased, then salaries of other employees who have contributed in the bank’s progress should also be increased with a defined proportion (Gertler et al., 2011). 3. Market Research Directors of the bank have to be aware of the current market position and the maximum salary given by banks to their CEOs. In addition to this, owners of the bank should analyze the past records of the bank to find a relation between banks’ progress and CEO’s salaries. On the base of all rationales, directors and owners of the bank should come up with a remuneration plan, which is neither very low as compared to the market value of CEOs nor too high to expose banks to higher financial and employees’ dissatisfaction risks. The main step is in the recruiting of the CEO; if the salary is offered very high first up, then lowering it down if the bank’s profit decreases then it can further disappoint the CEO. This will ultimately be a drawback for the bank as if the CEO is not passionate with the job the entire bank structure will fall to desolation (Marshall, 2009). 4. Bonuses Incentives and bonuses are also an important part of the total remuneration given to the CEOs. It was observed by Calabria (2009) that many banks have a short term benefit approach and

The asset pricing models CAPM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The asset pricing models CAPM - Essay Example For instance, if investor A buys more of stocks of X than Y, then every investor in the market will react the same by buying of stocks X and less of Y. Therefore, from this illustration and the aforementioned explanation, it is evident that the two models assumes that the investors in the market evaluate the information they have in the same way, hence arriving at the same decisions regarding their investment activities. However, given that investors have homogeneous expectations concerning their returns, level of risk inherent and investment strategies, they will always tend to remain risk averse (Sharpe, 1964). From the explanation above, it is clear that the models of APT and CAPM depend on the publicly available information concerning the returns and level of risk inherent in specific securities (Watson and Head, 2007). Therefore, the models do not specify any particular information that investors should use regarding their investment decisions but assume the investor will use the most current information available in the market concerning the different securities, thus, helping them choose the best investment strategies. The proponents of the APT argue that the model is the best alternative to the CAPM because it has more assumptions requirements that are flexible (Reilly & Brown, 2011). For instance, whereas the capital asset pricing model uses the expected return of a security, APT uses a security’s risk expected return, in addition to, the risk premiums of a couple of macro-economic elements. Therefore, from this proposition it is undeniable that CAPM has more strong assumptions compared to the APT. For instance, whereas the CAPM assumes that there exists a risk free rate in the market, the APT model tries to identify risk premium to enable investors take advantage of any mispriced securities, which is different from the

American Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American Law - Essay Example The power is there restrained to Indians not members of any of the states, and is not to violate or infringe the legislative right of any state within its own limits. What description of Indians were to be deemed members of a state, had been a question of frequent contention and perplexity in the federal councils. And how the trade with Indians, though not members of a state, yet residing within its legislative jurisdiction, could be regulated by an external authority, without so far intruding on the internal rights of legislation, seems altogether incomprehensible. A regular system of free and speedy communication, is of vital importance to the mercantile interest, but on a wider scale we must also admit it to be of the first consequence to the general benefit. In time of peace, it tends to keep the people duly informed of their political interests; it assists the measures of government, and the private intercourse of individuals. During a war, the rapid communication of intelligence, by means of the post, and the greater facility of transferring bodies of men or munitions of war, to different places, by the aid of good roads, are evident advantages. If these establishments should in practice produce no revenue, the expense would be properly chargeable to the Union, and the proceeds of taxation in the common forms be justly applied to defray it. If, however, as has proved to be the case, the post office yields a revenue, which is with the other revenues of the United States applicable only to the general service, it is obvious, that no state o ught to interfere by establishing a post office of its own. This is therefore an exclusive power so far as relates to the conveyance of letters, &c. In regard to post roads, it is unnecessary, and therefore would be unwarrantable in congress where a sufficient road already exists, to make another; and on the other hand, no state has a power to deny or obstruct the passage of the mail, or the passage of troops, or the property of the United States over its public roads. The power given to congress, in respect to this subject, was brought into operation soon after the Constitution was adopted, and various provisions have at different times been enacted, founded on the principle of its being an exclusive power. It has been made a constitutional question, whether congress has a right to open a new mail road through a state or states for general purposes, involving the public benefit, and the same doubt has been extended to the right of appropriating money in aid of canals through states. At the end of the Revolution, the United States was in a difficult economic position. Its resources were drained, its credit shaky and

Corporate failure prediction methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate failure prediction methods - Essay Example Fair value accounting refers to a financial reporting method under the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) the method allows companies to measure as well as report the value of assets and liabilities on the basis of their actual or estimated fair market prices. Some of the advantages of fair value accounting include the fact that it provides a more accurate valuation of assets and liabilities. Therefore, it accurately relates the value of assets and the market price. The method also limits a company’s ability to manipulate its reported net income hence leading to the portrayal of true income. It is timely in nature owing to the fact that it reports gains or losses on assets in the period that they occur. One of its disadvantages is that it may adversely affect the market conditions in a negative way. The lower value of an asset after revaluation may lead to a fall in the prices of all related assets thus affecting the market negatively. The method may also result i n a number of challenges to firms as well as to the users of the reported financial information. The market conditions in which a given asset and liability is traded may fluctuate in many occasions and become more volatile in some situations (Cooper, 2007, 17-18). On the other hand, historical cost accounting is a technique that values assets and liabilities at the price paid during its acquisition. Revenues, assets, and expenditures are recorded based on their time of acquisition. Revenues are recorded based on their time of acquisition.

Type of play Essay Example for Free

Type of play Essay The importance of play is reflected by the role it plays in development. Children are encouraged to play with gender appropriate toys but I have to ask myself why parents would rather have their son play with a gun rather than a doll.  Some studies have linked gunplay with aggressive behaviour and it is interesting to see (the table below) that boys are more aggressive than girls at a young age  Some child health professionals encourage parents to limit this type of play. Concern about guns also include potential confusion with real ones, which could lead to someone getting seriously injured. The media is also seen to be a major influence on behaviour. The way television affects a child depends on the childs age and what stage of cognitive development they are at. As a child watches television they absorb the program and then they interpret it to how they saw it. Some cartoons that are violent such as itchy scratchy, which is shown on The Simpsons shows a cat and mouse attack each other and put each others body parts in food blenders etc. Its a bit disturbing to some people but children find it hilarious. I think this is because it is unlikely in real life and depending on the age of the child, they will know that this sort of behaviour is not rewarded. Boys need to be parented in a different way from girls. Home, society and education have failed boys badly- these failures lead to unhappy men who cannot fully become happy, responsible emotionally confident adults.  There is a lot of research comparing the abilities and behaviours of males and females. As we consider the behaviour of boys and girls we have to consider how they differ in their behaviour. Albert Bandura believed aggression reinforced by family members was the most prominent source of behaviour modelling. He reports that children use the same aggressive tactics that their parents illustrate when dealing with others. Children learn to act aggressive when they model their behaviour after witnessing violent acts of adults, especially family members. Bandura is most famous for his Bobo doll experiment, in this experiment; he had children witness a model aggressively attacking a plastic clown called the Bobo doll. Bandura found that the children imitated the aggressive behaviour. There are many sex differences between boys and girls and one of the most comprehensive studies was conducted by, Maccoby and Jacklin (1974). They discover there were only four significant differences between the sexes. Although the differences were small they showed there is an overlap in the behaviour of boys and girls.  Although the study by Maccoby and Jacklin was in depth Shaffer (1993) pointed out, First, girls show more emotional sensitivity. Second, girls are less venerable developmentally than boys, and are less likely to suffer from learning disabilities, various language disorder, or hyperactivity. Third, boys tend to be more physically active than girls. Fourth, girls tend to be more timid than boys (PSYCHOLOGY FOR A2 LEVEL, M.W. ESYWICK, page 698)  In conclusion I would like to say, that I believe that behaviour is learned from society through the process of reinforcement and modelling. Behaviours such as, Sex-role behaviour can be learned by vicarious reinforcement. When you think about it makes sense for a person to keep doing things they are rewarded for and to stop doing things we are not. I found these quotes below and I agree with both of them on this subject.  In the theory of gender I began from zero. There is no masculine power or privilege I did not covet. But slowly, step-by-step, decade-by-decade, I was forced to acknowledge that even a woman of abnormal would cannot escape her hormonal identity.  (Paglia, Camille, 1947 American Author Critic Educator)  (Taken from: www.borntomotivate.com)  Except for their genitals, I dont know what immutable differences exist between men and women. Perhaps there are some other unchangeable differences; probably there are a number of irrelevant differences. But it is clear that until social expectations for men and women are equal, until we provide equal respect for both sexes, answers to this question will simply reflect our prejudices.

The Definition Of Biomimicry

The Definition Of Biomimicry Product design inspired by nature simply means that designers look to the nature for answer when they were in process of designing it. The action of copying from nature is called biomimicry. Biomimicry is not an entirely new idea to humans. The hook and loop fasterner or known as Velcro was invented in 1948 based on the bur plants. Biomimicry is important in product design because nature has the best solution whenever we came to a design problem. For example, for the wind resistance problem faced by Japanese bullet train, the front nose was remodelled to look like a kingfishers beak. Biomimicry design spiral is a kind of tool that takes us through the process of identify, translate, observe, abstract, apply and evaluate before a design is being developed. There are many inventions in this world that were inspired by the nature. Flying squirrel wingsuit, formula one car, sharkskin swimsuit and drag-reduced propeller are the best examples. The nature is and will always be our mentor in product design. Therfore, it is our responsibility to preserve and protect the nature we have today. Definition of biomimicry Biomimicry is a discipline that studies our natures ideas, models and processes to take inspirations from to solve the design problems faced by humans. In the words of biomimicry, bios means life while mimesis means to mimic. Therefore, biomimicry simply means to imitate from nature. Biomimicry is not a new idea. Humans have always been turning to the nature to look for any answer to solve both complex and simple problems. Humans take the nature as their mentor and model. This is because the animals and plants found on the Earth nowadays have survived for ages. They have gone through several stages of evolution and changes in order to survive in this planet. Therefore, their body structure and functionality are worth copying for. For example, without birds the Wright brothers will not be inspired to build an airplane that turns out to be one of the greatest invention of all time. In addition, Eiji Nakatsu, a railway engineer remodelled the front nose design of the bullet train in Jap an which will reduce air resistance and uses 15% less electricity. He took the idea from the shape of the beak of kingfishers. The significance of biomimicry in product design There are thousands of products being designed in every single day. What really matter is, do the products have the ability to cope with the environment and perform well. Humans are not brilliant in every way, sometimes we do need some help from the nature. Some of the flora and fauna had been on Earth long before the existence of human race. They are full of experience in coping with the nature in order to survive. Therefore, designers always mimic the design of some animals and plants. The product designs nowadays have become more and more sophisticated. Designers are hoping to decrease any possibility of disaster and waste of energy. This is where biomimicry will come in handy. The existence of biomimicry provides a rough idea to the designers of what the nature would probably do to solve problems faced. Therefore, the designers can make amendments to their designs to avoid any unwanted errors. Hence, it cannot be denied that biomimicry is playing an important role in product desi gn. Biomimicry design spiral http://juliangaviriasanchez.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/biomimicry-design-spiral.jpg Biomimicry design spiral is a tool that scientists created that uses our nature as our mentor and role model to solve any complex and simple problems faced while in the creation of any products. Identify: Instead of asking ourselves what we want to design, we need to identify what we want our designs to do for us. If not, we probably ended up designing something which is only an updated version of current existing products. Translate: Take the natures perspective into consideration. We need to know how nature carries out a certain function to tackle problem it faced. Observe: Consults biologist or natural experts. Take their advices into consideration before we begin to develop something new. Abstract: Find out the relationship between the nature and the product. We need to know whether the product can adapt to the environment where it meant to be once developed. Apply: Apply all the knowledge and studies that had been made into the development of product. Designs a product based on the research. Evaluate: Find out how does the design performs in nature. Can the design adapt to the environment? Biomimicry applications in products design Animals Falcon birds Peregrine falcons are one of the species of falcons and a widespread bird of prey in the family Falconidae. The Peregrine falcon is renowned for its speed, reaching over 322km/h during its characteristic hunting stoop (high speed dive), making it the fastest member of the animal kingdom. According to a National Geographic program, the highest measured speed of a Peregrine Falcon is even up to 389 km/h. Hence, engineers have studied the body shape of the birds and implement it into the design of Formula 1 racing cars. A Formula 1 car is a single-seat, open cockpit, open-wheel racing car with substantial front and rear wings, and an engine positioned behind the driver. Aerodynamics of the car play a vital role in determining the speed, safety and drag produced. Therefore, the aerodynamic designer has two primary concerns which is the creation of downforce to push the car onto the track, improve cornering forces and minimising the drag that slow the car down. So, the front nose of a For mula 1 racing car is inspired by the shape of the head of Peregrine falcon. The head of the birds is in streamlined shape which will reduce the drag produced when flying at high speed. Therefore, designers design the front nose of the racing cars to mimic the head of the birds which used to channel air flow to the back of the car. Hence, drag is reduced and the downforce is increased. Racing cars can be driven to a higher speed. Flying squirrel Flying squirrels are one of the 44 species of squirrels in the family of Sciuridae. Flying squirrels do not have wings and are not capable of powered flight like birds or bats. The loose folds of skin between the front and hind legs of these squirrels enable them to fly from trees to trees but what they actually do is glide through the air on the stretched surface of this loose skin. The direction and speed of the animal in midair is varied by changing the positions of its two arms and legs, largely controlled by small cartilaginous wrist bones. Therefore, man has used the body structure of the flying squirrel and created the flying squirrel suit. Modern wingsuit are equipped with fabric attached between the legs and under the arms which will add surface area to the human body to enable a significant increase in lift. A wingsuit flight normally ends with a parachute opening. So a wingsuit can safely be flown from any point that provides sufficient altitude for flight and parachute de ployment. Sharks Sharks, also known as the natures great predator are a group of carnivorous ocean going fish with 368 different species in a total of 30 families. Some species of shark, such as the great white, are infamous among humans because they have been involved in attacks resulting in severe injury and sometimes death. Most sharks have streamlined bodies designed for moving efficiently through the water. Many species have a projecting dorsal fin, and all have split caudal or rear fins. The shark can move very rapidly in search of prey. The shortfin mako shark, the fastest shark and one of the fastest fish, can burst at speeds up to 50 km/h. The reasons why sharks can swim fast in water are closely related to its skin. Seen under an electron microscope, sharkskin is made up of countless overlapping scales called dermal denticles. The denticles have grooves running down their length in alignment with water flow. These grooves disrupt the formation of eddies, or turbulent swirls of slower water and make the water to pass by faster. Therefore, the scientists replicate the dermal denticles and apply it on the racing swimsuit. Speedos Fastskin line of high-tech, high-performance swimsuits were inspired by the shark skins sandpaper-like texture is thought to reduce drag, hence its usefulness in swimming gear. Plants Bur A bur is a seed or dry fruit in which the seeds bear hooks or teeth which attach themselves to the fur of passing animals or the clothing of people. The hooks or teeth are irritants and quite hard to remove from clothing, such as wool or cotton. The bur of burdock was the inspiration for hook and loop fastener (Velcro). Velcro was invented in 1948 by the Swiss electrical engineer George de Mestral. Hook-and-loop fasteners consist of two components which are two lineal fabric strips which are attached to the opposing surfaces to be fastened. The first component features tiny hooks while the second features even smaller and hair-like loops. When the two components are pressed together, the hooks catch in the loops and the two pieces fasten or bind temporarily. Velcro strips make a distinctive ripping sound when they are being separated. Because it is extremely easy to use, low chances of being spoilt and safe, the hook-and-loop fasteners have been used for just about every conceivable application where a temporary bond is required. It is especially popular as a shoe fastener for children who have not yet learned to tie shoelaces and for those who choose Velcro over laces. Kelp Kelps are large seaweeds belong to the brown algae in the order Laminariales. Kelp grows in underwater forests known as the kelp forests in shallow oceans. There are several Pacific species of kelp which is a very important ingredient in Chinese, Japanese and Korean cuisines. Because of its high concentration of iodine, brown kelp has been used to treat the enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a lack of iodine, known as goitre. Kelps have the very unique spiral shape which moves with the current rather than fighting against it. Therefore, they will not get swept away easily by rough current. This phenomenon inspired the design of drag-reduced propeller. A propeller is a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust and normal seen installed at the back of vessel or boat. Propeller designed in spiral shape will has lesser drag when it spins in water. Hence, less energy is required to accelerate the water to the back of blade which in turns provides more forward thrust to the ship. Tumbleweed Tumbleweed is the above-ground part of any plants that once mature and dry or wilt. It will disengage from the root and tumble away in the wind. The tumbleweed is a norm in steppe and desert climates. The tumbleweed is a diaspore, which aids in the dispersal of seeds or spores. The tumbleweed is very light and round in shape. Therefore, it moves around and tumbles along to disperse seeds when the wind blows. Eventually, the tumbleweed comes to rest in a wet location, it opens as it absorbs water and then it dies. The characteristics of tumbleweed for being light and round in shape have inspired the NASA engineers to design a rover of the same concept. The rover is designed for any exploring missions in planet Mars. The rough terrain of Mars can be tackled using a wind-driven planetary rover. A wind-driven planetary rover design maximises drag and therefore it will be easy to manoeuvre around the planet. Conclusion Every single thing created by God in this world existed for a reason. It just that some of things are still yet to be discovered by humans. As mentioned earlier, most of the designs in this world are inspired by the nature. Humans copy the design of some animals and plants to achieve success in their design. The nature is our teacher, our mentor and our role model. We always look to nature for answer whenever we faced obstacles. Hence, through biomimicry, the relationships between humans and nature grow closer than ever before. The continued existence of the nature depends on humans and vice versa. Therefore, we must appreciate and preserve what we have right now for the sake of our latter generations.

Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS)

Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS) An Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) may be defined as a series of processes which provide a framework, for managing occupational health and safety (OHS) responsibilities so that they become more efficient and more integrated into overall business operations, around which good performance can be established and maintained and which will support the development of a safety culture. (International Labour Organisation (ILO)-British Standards Institution (BSI) Joint-Definition) The main aim of the OHSM is to design measures to control and eliminate the likelihood of hazards in the workplace and promote a safe work environment. 1. Management commitment An effective management addresses all work-related hazards and employees welfare facilities and not only those stipulated by laws. There is a need for management to make the health and safety of workers a priority. It is essential that there be strong management commitment and strong worker participation in the effort to create and maintain a safe and healthy workplace. In each workplace, the lines of responsibility from top to bottom need to be clear, and workers should know who is responsible for different health and safety issues. Management is responsible that the organisation has the appropriate policies, programmes in place to ensure a healthy and safe workplace. Management commitment and employee involvement Charles reese (accident) Management commitment and employee are complementary. Management commitment provides the motivating force and the resources for organizing and controlling activities within an organization. Employee involvement provides the means through which workers develop and/or express their own commitment to safety and health protection, for themselves and for their fellow workers. Safety and health goals and objectives are also included to assist you in establishing workplace goals and objectives that demonstrate your companys commitment to safety. 2. Health and Safety policy It is the responsibility of management to cater for the health and safety of its workforce. Clearly developed and concise policies set the direction for the organisation by communicating managements goals and objectives. A good health and safety policy need to be: 1. Specific to the organisation and appropriate to its size and nature of works; 2. Clearly written so as to educate workers, clients, suppliers and general public about the health and safety policy of the organisation; 3. Specific about the responsibility and accountability of managers and supervisors at all levels; 4. Effectively communicated to all employees; and 5. Reviewed on a regular basis to ensure continuing sustainability. The best health and safety policies align health and safety with human resources management as employees are the key resource of an organization.(HSE Successful Health and Safety Management HS(G) HMSO 1997) The OSH policy should include, as a minimum, the following key principles and objectives to which the organization is committed: 1. protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventing work-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents; 2. complying with relevant OSH national laws and regulations, voluntary programmes, collective agreements on OSH and other requirements to which the organization subscribes; 3. ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and encouraged to participate actively in all elements of the OSH management system; and 4. continually improving the performance of the OSH management system. (ILO Guidelines on the Occupational Health and Safety Management System 2001) Health promotion in the workplace This complements occupational health and safety measures to improve the well being of workers at the workplace. Workplace wellbeing According to ILO, it relates to all aspects of working life, from the quality and safety of the physical environment, to how workers feel about their work, their working environment, the climate at work and work organisation. Workers well being is directly related to the productivity of the organisation. The higher the workers well being, the higher will be the productivity of the organistion. Safety tasks and responsibilities Health and Safety audit and Performance review Health and Safety audit and performance review are the final steps in the health and safety management. Health and Safety culture In order to develop good health and safety practices, a good health and safety culture is needed at work. Employers need to incorporate health and safety practices in their day to day running of the business. Successful occupational health and safety practices necessitates the collaboration and participation of both employers/owners or management and employees in health and safety programmes, and it involves the consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology, education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc. Both workers and employers have a legal responsibility to look after health and safety at work together. Workers who contribute to health and safety at work, are safer and healthier than those who do not. Building and maintain a health and safety culture involve the use of all available means to increase awareness, knowledge and understanding of the concepts of hazards and risks and how they may be prevented or controlled. The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organisations health and safety management. Successful Health and Safety Management by HSE (2nd edition), pg 22 Training for health and safety Training means educating people on what should be done and not, how it should be done and when it should be done. Based on a survey carried out by ILO, workers often experience work-related health problems but do not realize that the problems are related to their work, particularly when an occupational disease, for example, is in the early stages. Hence, there is a need to train workers on safe way to do the job, hazards associated with the work and how to eliminate or control them. It is also important to train workers how to react in case of emergencies, like a fire outbreak. Training on first aid is also important. Training can be conducted at different levels: During induction course for new employees where they can be educated on how to work safely and also about the hazards and risks associated with the jobs, how to eliminate or control them. Training can be organized for management and Supervisors so that they know what are the hazards present in the workplace and this enable them to develop policies to combat these hazards Regular training to existing employees, to update them on new equipment and technologies being used. Health surveillance Health surveillance at work is very important. It is performed to look for early signs of ill health caused by substances and other hazards at work. It includes keeping health records for individuals and may include medical examinations and testing of blood or urine samples, so that corrective action can be taken. Health and Safety Committee Health and safety programs For all of the reasons given above, it is crucial that employers, workers and unions are committed to health and safety and that: workplace hazards are controlled at the source whenever possible; records of any exposure are maintained for many years; both workers and employers are informed about health and safety risks in the workplace; there is an active and effective health and safety committee that includes both workers and management; worker health and safety efforts are ongoing. Charles D. Reese (2001) Accident/Incident Prevention Techniques In order to effectively manage safety and health, a company must pay attention to some critical factors: policy of management regarding health and safety of workers health and safety goals of the company who is responsible for occupational safety and health how are supervisors and employees held accountable for job safety and health? what are the consequences of not following the safety rules are there set procedures for addressing safety and health at the workplace? A written safety and health program is of primary importance in addressing these items.

divorce decree :: essays research papers

[divorce caption]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FINAL DECREE OF DIVORCE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On ______ the Court heard this case. Appearances   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Petitioner, *{{______}}*, *[appeared in person and through attorney of record, [name]*{{[name]}}*, and announced ready for trial.]**[did not appear in person but has agreed to the entry of this order as evidenced by Petitioner's signature below.]*   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Respondent, *{{______}}*, *[appeared in person and announced ready for trial.]**[appeared through attorney of record, [name]*{{[name]}}*, and announced ready for trial.]**[appeared in person and through attorney of record, [name]*{{[name]}}*, and announced ready for trial.]**[although duly and properly cited, did not appear and wholly made default.]**[waived issuance and service of citation by waiver duly filed and did not otherwise appear.]**[has made a general appearance and has agreed to the terms of this judgment to the extent permitted by law, as evidenced by the signatures of Respondent and attorney for Respondent appearing below.]**[has made a general appearance and was duly notified of trial but failed to appear and defaulted.]* *[*[*[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also appearing was ______, appointed guardian ad litem of the child[ren] the subject of this suit. ]**[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also appearing was ______, appointed attorney ad litem of the child[ren] the subject of this suit. ]**[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also appearing was ______, appointed amicus attorney for the child[ren] the subject of this suit. ]*]**[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also appearing was ______, appointed attorney ad litem for *{{______}}*, who received process by substituted service but did not otherwise answer or appear. ]*]*Record *[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The making of a record of testimony was waived by the parties with the consent of the Court. ]**[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The record of testimony was duly reported by *[______, ______]**[the court reporter for ______]*. ]*Jurisdiction and Domicile   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Court finds that the pleadings of [Petitioner/Respondent] are in due form and contain all the allegations, information, and prerequisites required by law. The Court, after receiving evidence, finds that it has jurisdiction of this case and of all the parties and that at least sixty days have elapsed since the date the suit was filed. The Court finds that, at the time this suit was filed, *[[Petitioner/Respondent] had been a domiciliary of Texas for the preceding six-month period and a resident of the county in which this suit was filed for the preceding ninety-day period.]**[Petitioner was domiciled in another state or nation and Respondent had been a domiciliary of Texas for the preceding six-month period and was a resident of this county in which the suit was filed.]* All persons entitled to citation were properly cited. Jury *[  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A jury was waived, and questions of fact and of law were submitted to the Court.

Speech Pathology in Practice -- Health Care

Speech Pathology In Practice A speech pathologist is a health professional, educated at university level in the study of human communication. Speech pathologists assess and treat a wide range of communication and feeding skills, including language, voice, speech, fluency, feeding and swallowing and literacy (Private Speech Pathologists' Association of Western Australia, 2011, p. 1). They provide a wide range of services, mainly on an individual basis, but also as support for families, support groups, and providing information for the general public. Speech pathologists can work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, nursing homes, schools, community health centres, rehabilitation centres and private practice. In addition, the role of a speech pathologist is also to act as an advocate on behalf of people with communication disabilities (Speech Pathology Australia, 2012, p. 1). Human language is a unique mental equity and the use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture. Apart from being used to communicate and share information, it also has social and cultural uses, such as signifying ingrouping and identity (O'Connor, 2010, p. 1). The term language is often used interchangeably with communication and even speech, but it is important to define these terms in the context of speech pathology. Language can be defined as ‘code with structural properties characterized by a set of rules for producing and comprehending utterances’ (Nicolosi, Harryman, & Kresheck, 2004, p. 111). This is in contrast to speech; a ‘medium of oral communication that employs a linguistic code’ (Nicolosi et al., 2004, p. 254) or communication; ‘any means by which an individual relates experiences, ideas, knowledge and feelings to another’ (N... ...ial Educational Needs, 8(1), 2-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-3802.2008.00096.x Private Speech Pathologists' Association of Western Australia. (2011, 27 February 2012). What does a speech pathologist do? , from http://www.pspawa.com.au/html/what_do_we_do.html - What%20does%20a%20Speech%20Pathologist%20do Snowling, M. J., & Hulme, C. (2012). Interventions for children's language and literacy difficulties. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 47(1), 27-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-6984.2011.00081.x Speech Pathology Australia. (2012). What is a speech pathologist? , from http://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/library/1.1_What_is_a_Speech_Pathologist.pdf Steele, S., & Mills, M. (2011). Vocabulary intervention for school-age children with language impairment: A review of evidence and good practice. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 27(3), 354.

Autism :: essays research papers

Constructs: In my own research I will be measuring 3 variables as my constructs such as the following: 1) Verbal ability 2) Social interactions or the degree of participation in group work or plays 3) Gender Participants: 20 autistic children between the ages of 6 to 7 with identical IQ levels, both sexes, with equal number of participants- 10 to each Purpose: As researchers claim, autism is four times more prevalent in boys than girls. According to this claim I would like to test whether gender is an effective or dominant factor in determining children’s progress both in verbal abilities and the kind of social interactions they encounter in the educational settings such as kindergartens or schools. Methodology: Instruments: CARS rating scale (childhood autism rating scale) developed by Eric schopler in the early 1970s, it is based on observed behavior, professionals evaluate a child’s relationship to people, body use, adaptation to change, listening response and verbal communication. AUTISM SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRE: a 40 item screening scale that has been used with children 4 and older to help evaluate communication skills and social functioning. Plus observations with the help of a professional team including a speech therapist to assess the amount of progress in verbal abilities and interacting with the children’s care givers or parents during the research. Procedure: As far as I’m concerned, the nature of this research lends itself to both qualitative and quantitative methods, in the sense that there needs to be a lot of close observations to assess the trend that the participants follow plus some numerical data which support the findings regarding verbal abilities. In assessing the degree of engagement or participation in groupwork there might be the use of some rein forcers such as toys or chocolates. Here the main emphasis revolves around gender. Therefore an attempt should be made to have exactly the same conditions for both sexes. Since assessing the constructs focus more on gender it could have been more reliable to have a larger sample to be able to generalize the results, but considering the fact that research on autism is a difficult task and requires the cooperation of a professional team, working on large samples may not be possible or easy to deal with. This could be mentioned in the limitation part. In this research 20

Biblical Women in Popular Culture

In today’s culture where individualism is emphasized and especially that women are encouraged to assume equal roles as men would normally take, two or three decades ago, it is very difficult to see eye to eye with how women are portrayed in the Bible during biblical times. â€Å"Girl power† or women empowerment is the rule of the day for women nowadays. Although, of course, all women as all men have the right to lead in the sense that they have the same intrinsic capacity to influence, the role of leadership has been blown out of proportion by feminist groups as they apply it to women.The result of this over blown leadership role of women has been the constant battle between members of opposite sexes in many significant areas within society. It has affected the homes, government and non-government institutions, down to the smallest entity that has within its membership men and women. The aim of this paper is to draw a comparison between Biblical projection of women (as portrayed in the Bible and the movie â€Å"One Night With The King†) and today’s popular culture’s endeavour to depict the function of women (McMurray, 2007).While at the moment, the common cry of women is equality to both genders as it is reflected in women’s roles in the family, in public places, and the obliteration of the stereotyped designation of females in past decades which until now has its bearing in the minds of the general public the consequent outcome of this campaign is prevalent in almost every area where function is concerned. In the late 1960s, women’s movement began to blossom.It was stirred by the then sentiment of repulsion to the tasks being typecasted among women. Women’s movement of the 60s aimed to question the menial duties relegated to women such as getting married, becoming a housewife and afterwards attending to household chores (including raising children), and when outside opportunity comes for them to work, the y’re consigned to answering phones, photocopying, etc (Encarta, 2006). The scenery has been changed and is no longer the same as in the past 30 or 40 years.The typical woman today is one that is among the working class – no longer confined to house premises, but working and providing as much as her male counterparts. She can be the manager or an executive of an established firm where most of the male employees are under her command. Equality in roles has now been achieved. Whereas this status and depiction of women in itself is not outright negative, the undercurrent force that it has created is the programming of the minds of today’s women to be resistant to the biblical description of their role as they are teamed with men.Instead of seeing male and female partnership as complimentary to both sexes, the danger of too much emphasis on equality especially when it is defined merely in domestic and public functions is the threat that masculinity poses to womanhood . It is good for women to fight for their basic equal rights with men as members of this global community, but if it results in certain imbalances because the aim has become the dethronement of the opposite gender, then the battle for equality has now turned into fight for superiority of the female sex.Biblical Women in Biblical Text The movie â€Å"One Night with the King† has successfully showed to modern world the right balance when it comes to understanding the woman’s role. In the film, the first of these lessons on womanhood could be derived from the example of Queen Vashti, King Xerxes’ dethroned Queen. Vashti’s removal as Queen was hastened by her attitude towards her King as she turned down King Xerxes’ request â€Å"to show her beauty to the people and the officials† (Esther 1:11, NKJV The Holy Bible 1982).At the very outset of this biblical narrative, there was already a sort of struggle as to whether the King should be obeyed in whatever demands he make or not. The whole picture of the Persian Kingdom’s celebration included not only King Xerxes’ feasting with people and officials but also Queen Vashti’s party which she arranged for â€Å"the women in the royal palace† (Ibid). In biblical times, kings command absolute obedience to their subjects. They could do everything at whim even the execution of their citizens.However, to what extent should Queen Vashti needed to â€Å"show her beauty to the people† at the King’s bidding, one cannot determine for sure. If it meant the exposure of the beauty of her naked body before the expectant public, it was wise and courageous for her to refuse even if it was a direct violation of the royal protocol. She was submissive to the King until this point of their relationship. Esther, however, as she is the main protagonist in the story, much of the lessons on women can be extracted from her life’s example. The first is her c ourage to risk her life for others.When she was finally raised to the high position of a Queen, she did not forget but rather remained committed to the preservation and welfare of her people. Until today, this virtue of selfless courage is admired in the world. It is one of the sought after virtues of leadership which unfortunately is lacking in many of those occupying leadership positions. The courage that the life of Esther showed in the story was not independent courage which resulted from a stubborn will. It was a courage constantly tempered by another life, the life of her cousin and mentor, Mordecai.She allowed herself to be constantly advised and influenced by the one who helped her reached her current high position. She remained as humble as she was in spite of the great changes and promotion that happened to her. She did not forget where she came from and did not abandon her people. It was Esther’s submissive attitude that brought her to the high position of being Qu een to King Xerxes in stead of Vashti. Contrary to what is being promoted today by our culture, Esther continued living her life (even as Queen) in a responsible manner.It is the dream of many young women today to wade their way through life to reach the point where there will be no one to hold them accountable anymore or have somebody to check them. Example after example of young celebrities have been the focus of media and news headlines that project the common outcry of many which hailed them to be the representations of American dream. Most of these modern-day models are strong-willed, carefree, and want to believe that life can be lived irresponsibly with no accountability. Esther’s example, on the other hand, stands in stark contrast to common perception of women in popular culture.Effects of Non-Biblical Portrayal of Womanhood Because of this non-biblical portrayal of women in our society, a lot of damaged has been inflicted on the minds of the majority of people. For one thing, the current trend of thinking is resistant to the Biblical teachings regarding women. The common minds have been preconditioned to reject and to not understand the Biblical ideals of what females should be. As a result, when femininity is the question, people would rather look to non-biblical sources as authority than the Bible.Non-biblical portrayal of women has pre-programmed people to reject biblical standards. When that happens, society begins to have problems because the standards have become different. Its negative effects include the entertainment of a different kind of criteria by which we look at what qualities should our average women possess. This is reflected in the women’s attempt to pursue what are not beneficial to them, simply because they have adopted rules or guidelines that are to them may put them in better position in this very competitive society.Other things that are currently occurring include the perversion of the role that women play befor e the eyes of the greater public. Roles that actually begin to evolve and never to bring the women to healthier assessment of themselves but either a view that makes them as simply objects of perversions or whimsical creation of a role that is not only sickening but also in reality, harder than the real, and more biblical portrayal of women.Femininity then, is very important to be defined and assessed according to real thing: the biblical benchmarks. Women will begin to see themselves the way God sees them then. As partners in the fulfilment of God’s grand design and when women start to accept the roles as defined by the bible, they then develop into healthy â€Å"organisms† capable of even settling into times when to be in the background is still very acceptable. Reference:1. Encarta Dictionary 2006. (DVD) 2. Maxwell, John, 2000. Commentary on Esther. P. 600. The Maxwell Leadership Bible. 3. McMurray, Sheri. â€Å"One night with the King† review. Christian Spot light. Accessed Sept. 24, 2007. 3. New King James Version, 2000. Maxwell Leadership Bible. Maxwell Motivation , Inc. (Thomas Nelson Publishing).

Issue Report on Captive Breeding and Reintroduction

Wildwood Trust is a project situated on the edge of the Forest of Blean, in Kent. Wildwood's aim is to use the facilities in the woodland and animal collection to ‘support practical conservation projects in the wild.' There are over three hundred animals, many of which are endangered, taking part in conservation projects, and living in semi natural enclosures. The woodland is managed by coppice rotation, a process that takes place every 20 years where trees such as silver birch and sweet chestnut are cut to ground level and then shoots allowed to regrow. This is an essential habitat for the hazel dormouse. The wood is a centre for captive breeding and reintroduction for native endangered species such as hazel dormice and this example will be used in this report to explain these issues. The Hazel Dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) The Hazel Dormouse is native to the countryside of Britain, predominantly southern England (see figure 2), living in woodland areas and environments rich in coppice. The mice are an arboreal species; spending the majority of their life in trees or bushes and only living on ground level during winter hibernation. The mice are considered a ‘flagship species' chosen to represent an environmental cause and raise support subsequently benefitting other species contained in the ecosystem. The populations of dormice were shown to have disappeared from seven counties in England by The UK Mammal Society Dormouse Survey in 1984. The decline has been caused by human destruction of their woodland habitat through development, climate change and pressure from other species. Grey squirrels were introduced into England and ate the nuts that the dormice fed on whilst they hibernated. Climatic change caused warmer winters resulting in the early awakening of the dormice from hibernation, before the ripening of their food, and wetter summers stopped the dormice from foraging. Dormice are listed on The World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species and are protected by law, under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981. This act prevents the killing, injuring, disturbing or trapping of the dormouse. It also makes it illegal to possess or control the animal, damage its shelter and sell or buy the dormice without a licence. Captive breeding Captive breeding is the reproduction of animals in confinement under controlled conditions to be released into the wild. This is important for conservation of threatened species and is an example of ex situ (out of the natural habitat) conservation, but it raises implications. Captive breeding has taken place at Wildwood for dormice as part of the national dormouse captive breeding and reintroduction programme. The dormice are housed in an enclosure made of a wooden frame and mesh covering. Unlike other rodents theirs is a short breeding season having 1-2 small litters of 4-7 offspring. The young stay with the mother for 6-8 weeks, making it unlikely for more than one litter a year. In each enclosure the nest boxes are kept 1.5m off the ground with protection from water and predators, water and food are hung on the side of the cage and the floor is covered with leaves and soil. After hibernation the enclosure is filled with branches of vegetation to provide 3D space for the animals to use. This provides the ideal conditions for breeding with no stressful food finding. One enclosure can hold up to three individuals either two females and one male or one breeding pair and their offspring, under one year of age, and will be kept in the same groupings over winter. Adult males must be placed separately as they are territorial and will fight. Where do the breeding mice come from? In November nest boxes are checked and, if permission is granted from Natural England, wild dormice weighing less than 15g can be taken. As these mice are underweight they have less chance of surviving winter hibernation and can be kept indoors during this period in heated nest boxes. Other dormice are orphaned or given into rescue centres and vets. The Common Dormouse Captive Breeders Group (CDCBG) chooses which individuals breed and how many are bred annually, which also helps to prevent inbreeding. The Paignton zoo studbook keeper gives each captive born dormouse a stud book number, and their breeder will allocate each mouse a local ID number. Genetics When animals reproduce genes are passed from parents to offspring. Genetic variation is the natural differences of individuals, across a population. A characteristic that will give dormice a disadvantage, for example short teeth, could prevent them from opening nuts, so if food was in short supply these mice would die and longer teethed mice would thrive. This would cause the gene for longer teeth to become more common, which is the basis of natural selection. Natural selection, was a theory of Charles Darwin, in which better adapted animals would have more chance of survival, so becoming more predominant. Wildwood would like to preserve biodiversity which is the huge variation found within and between species and ecosystems on Earth. Offspring that are created from the same sets of genes will have similar genes to each other. Inbreeding is the breeding of animals that share more genes than the average population, they are related in some way. If inbreeding takes place the genes of their young will come from a very selective gene pool, making particular genes more predominant within a species. Inbreeding can lead to deformities and mutations as well as problems with immune systems and an increase in genetic diseases. ‘Inbreeding tends to reduce the number of alleles in a population', from source 1. A studbook for dormice was created in 2006 to keep track of mice kept by members of the CDCBG. The studbook limits inbreeding and keeps breeding to first generation or wild caught animals. Breeders can use the studbook to selectively breed, mixing mice from different collections and different families. This will stop related mice from dominating the gene pool creating healthier mice and preserving genetic diversity. Future developments could include implantation of embryos and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) of the dormice. Selective breeding could be improved and gradually undesirable characteristics or weaknesses bred out. Cloning could be developed. Captive breeding raises many ethical, environmental, social and economic issues. Ethical issues. * There are various ethical issues that need consideration with regard to captive breeding. Animals have to be removed from their natural environment and put into captivity virtually locking them up and many people feel that there should not be any interference with nature in this way even to avoid extinction. It could be the case that genetic diversity has already declined to the point where it is irreversible. * There could be a case for protection to encourage breeding in the wild, by in situ methods of conservation, within the environment. However, captive breeding is used to retain species and improve numbers and is easier to manage. * Selective breeding increases genetic variation and produces healthier populations also preventing inbreeding. This reduces deformities and mutations but should humans interfere with natural reproduction? Inbreeding would sometimes naturally occur and if the population was kept large enough this would not often happen. Economical Visitors pay an entrance fee at Wildwood and this money goes towards the captive breeding scheme. However, they do not see the programme taking place as they would disturb the dormice and interfere with hibernation and reproduction. It could be that unless the programme continues indefinitely a lot of investment may be lost if the numbers continue to decline. Environment Using dormice from different collections to breed may spread diseases to other populations of dormice. Reintroduction Reintroduction is releasing captive born animals into a particular environment to which they were once native and where they will be free from human supervision. Normally these populations experienced decline due to human intervention and will only succeed if the cause of the decline has been overcome. The reintroduction is considered successful if the animal has fully integrated into the local population and survived with no further aid or interaction from humans. Reintroduction projects must follow guidelines set out by the IUCN and Wildwood has released dormice back into their natural habitats. They use a soft release program, gradually using less human intervention. Seven weeks before release the litters are health screened at the Zoological Society and released if they pass the tests. Reintroduction is limited to once a year as criteria for suitable sites are extensive and complicated. The population densities are less than 10 adults per hectare in their best environments. What does the health screening test for? The health screening takes place to check the animals do not have any disease that could be passed onto wild populations. Scientists test for: * pathogenic bacteria * Tapeworms (cestodes) * Roundworms (strongyles) * Tubercolosis * Parasites The condition of the dormice's coat, skin, face, genitals, feet and incisor teeth are checked and their weight should be between 18-24g for summer re-introduction. 8mm Pet-ID microchips are fitted in the dormice under anaesthetic for identification in the future. Where is a dormouse released? An ideal site for the dormice†¦ would†¦ would not†¦ be an old wood with different layers of vegetation, already have a dormouse community (males may kill new dormice) have lots of undergrowth, have less than 100 nest boxes in the woodland. have deciduous trees, Place males less than 100m apart, as they are territorial. have coppicing taking place regularly, Have related dormice close by to stop inbreeding have fruiting hazel, Be at least 20 hectares, have a site management plan. Figure 4: Table showing an ideal site for dormouse reintroduction. How Wildwood release their dormice 1. Natural England is informed. 2. Pre-release cages made of wire are attached to a group of hazel trees. 3. 2-3 nest boxes placed in each cage, with a male and two females so there is more of a chance of the animals staying together. 4.Dormice then live in these whilst they acclimatise to the surroundings. 5. For 2-3 weeks humans supply fresh food everyday, during the day so the dormice are not disturbed. Also leafy branches are placed above pens to provide shade and protection from predators. 6. One week to 10 days into the three week period, a hole, less than 3cm2 is made in the top corner of the cage. The mice can then explore the area and there cage can not be invaded by birds or squirrels. 7. The frequency of feeding is reduced gradually until mid-September, when the animals should have found their own food supplies. 8. The nest boxes are checked until October, where weights and number of offspring are recorded. 9. Dormice are left to hibernate. 10. Monitoring begins in May. Figure 5: Stages of reintroduction What is monitored and when does it take place? A long term monitoring plan should be made before any reintroduction, so that the species will successfully survive in a wild environment. After release nest boxes are checked by trained and licensed volunteers, who record numbers, sex, weight, breeding condition and offspring. The volunteers monitor the nest once a month from April to October, between the 15th and 25th of each month. Data should be collected before midday so torpid dormice can be seen, and a National Dormouse Monitoring Programme Record From must be completed. Conditions of release * Winter cleaning of empty boxes. * Dormice are released in June to prepare for hibernation. Ethical There is an ethical duty for reintroduction because humans destroyed the dormice's natural habitat and caused the population decline so they should restore the population. However, should animals be returned to the wild when there are still outstanding issues that led to the original decline? Microchips are put into the necks of the released dormice which are approximately a tenth of their body length. Anaesthetic is risky for small animals and interferes with their natural state. The chips are considered important for monitoring the dormice to help with the programme. They could be eaten by a predator in the food chain and the microchip would be affecting natural processes. If the reintroduction is not successful and the mice die this could be due to human error and animals may have suffered as a result of this. Economical The scheme is expensive as the release is labour intensive, with staff needed to survey the area before and after release. This diverts resources from much more cost-effective ecosystem and habitat conservation measures. The health screening is expensive and microchips costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 per mouse on top of anaesthetic and vetinary bills. Environmental The nest boxes and cages used can intrude on the natural woodland, with the possibility of dormice causing a shortage of food for the other animals in the ecosystem. Social Some behaviour in genetically inherited but some is learnt from adults and experience. Captive bred animals do not gain this knowledge and are at a disadvantage when reintroduced. The mice might lose their ability to create their own nests. The reintroduced dormice could cause a problem to the local residents.

Part Four Chapter I

Lunacy 5.11 At common law, idiots are subject to a permanent legal incapacity to vote, but persons of unsound mind may vote during lucid intervals. Charles Arnold-Baker Local Council Administration, Seventh Edition I Samantha Mollison had now bought herself all three of the DVDs released by Libby's favourite boy band. She kept them hidden in her socks and tights drawer, beside her diaphragm. She had her story ready, if Miles spotted them: they were a gift for Libby. Sometimes at work, where business was slower than ever, she searched the internet for pictures of Jake. It was during one of these trawling sessions – Jake in a suit but with no shirt, Jake in jeans and a white vest – that she discovered that the band was playing at Wembley in a fortnight's time. She had a friend from university who lived in West Ealing. She could stay over, sell it to Libby as a treat, a chance to spend time together. With more genuine excitement than she had felt in a long time, Samantha managed to buy two very expensive tickets for the concert. When she let herself into the house that evening, she glowed with a delicious secret, almost as though she were coming home from a date. Miles was already in the kitchen, still in his work suit, with the phone in his hand. He stared at her as she entered, and his expression was strange, difficult to read. ‘What?' said Samantha, a little defensively. ‘I can't get hold of Dad,' said Miles. ‘His bloody phone's engaged. There's been another post.' And when Samantha looked nonplussed, he said with a trace of impatience, ‘Barry Fairbrother's Ghost! Another message! On the council website!' ‘Oh,' said Samantha, unwinding her scarf. ‘Right.' ‘Yeah, I met Betty Rossiter just now, coming up the street; she was full of it. I've checked the message board, but I can't see it. Mum must've taken it down already – well, I bloody hope she has, she'll be in the firing line if Bends-Your-Ear goes to a lawyer.' ‘About Parminder Jawanda, was it?' asked Samantha, her tone deliberately casual. She did not ask what the accusation had been, first, because she was determined not to be a nosy, gossiping old bag like Shirley and Maureen, and secondly, because she thought she already knew: that Parminder had caused the death of old Cath Weedon. After a moment or two, she asked, sounding vaguely amused, ‘Did you say your mother might be in the firing line?' ‘Well, she's the site administrator, so she's liable if she doesn't get rid of defamatory or potentially defamatory statements. I'm not sure she and Dad understand how serious this could be.' ‘You could defend your mother, she'd like that.' But Miles had not heard; he was pressing redial and scowling, because his father's mobile was still engaged. ‘This is getting serious,' he said. ‘You were all quite happy when it was Simon Price who was getting attacked. Why's this any different?' ‘If it's a campaign against anyone on the council, or standing for council †¦' Samantha turned away to hide her grin. His concern was not about Shirley after all. ‘But why would anyone write stuff about you?' she asked innocently. ‘You haven't got any guilty secrets.' You might be more bloody interesting if you had. ‘What about that letter?' ‘What letter?' ‘For God's – Mum and Dad said there was a letter, an anonymous letter about me! Saying I wasn't fit to fill Barry Fairbrother's shoes!' Samantha opened the freezer and stared at the unappetizing contents, aware that Miles could no longer see her expression with the door open. ‘You don't think anyone's got anything on you, do you?' she asked. ‘No – but I'm a lawyer, aren't I? There might be people with a grudge. I don't think this kind of anonymous stuff †¦ I mean, so far it's all about the other side, but there could be reprisals †¦ I don't like the way this thing's going.' ‘Well, that's politics, Miles,' said Samantha, openly amused. ‘Dirty business.' Miles stalked out of the room, but she did not care; her thoughts had already returned to chiselled cheekbones, winged eyebrows and taut, tight abdominal muscles. She could sing along with most of the songs now. She would buy a band T-shirt to wear – and one for Libby too. Jake would be undulating mere yards away from her. It would be more fun than she had had in years. Howard, meanwhile, was pacing up and down the closed delicatessen with his mobile phone clamped to his ear. The blinds were down, the lights were on, and through the archway in the wall Shirley and Maureen were busy in the soon-to-be-opened cafe, unpacking china and glasses, talking in excited undertones and half listening to Howard's almost monosyllabic contributions to his conversation. ‘Yes †¦ mm, hmm †¦ yes †¦' ‘Screaming at me,' said Shirley. ‘Screaming and swearing. â€Å"Take it bloody down,† she said. I said, â€Å"I'm taking it down, Dr Jawanda, and I'll thank you not to swear at me.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ ‘I'd've left it up there for another couple of hours if she'd sworn at me,' said Maureen. Shirley smiled. As it happened, she had chosen to go and make herself a cup of tea, leaving the anonymous post about Parminder up on the site for an extra forty-five minutes before removing it. She and Maureen had already picked over the topic of the post until it was ragged and bare; there was plenty of scope for further dissection, but the immediate urge was sated. Instead, Shirley looked ahead, greedily, to Parminder's reaction to having her secret spilt in public. ‘It can't have been her who did that post about Simon Price, after all,' said Maureen. ‘No, obviously not,' said Shirley, as she wiped over the pretty blue and white china that she had chosen, overruling Maureen's preference for pink. Sometimes, though not directly involved in the business, Shirley liked to remind Maureen that she still had huge influence, as Howard's wife. ‘Yes,' said Howard, on the telephone. ‘But wouldn't it be better to †¦? Mm, hmm †¦' ‘So who do you think it is?' asked Maureen. ‘I really don't know,' said Shirley, in a genteel voice, as though such knowledge or suspicions were beneath her. ‘Someone who knows the Prices and the Jawandas,' said Maureen. ‘Obviously,' said Shirley again. Howard hung up at last. ‘Aubrey agrees,' he told the two women, waddling through into the cafe. He was clutching today's edition of the Yarvil and District Gazette. ‘Very weak piece. Very weak indeed.' It took the two women several seconds to recollect that they were supposed to be interested in the posthumous article by Barry Fairbrother in the local newspaper. His ghost was so much more interesting. ‘Oh, yes; well, I thought it was very poor when I read it,' said Shirley, hurriedly catching up. ‘The interview with Krystal Weedon was funny,' guffawed Maureen. ‘Making out she enjoyed art. I suppose that's what she calls graffiti-ing the desks.' Howard laughed. As an excuse to turn her back, Shirley picked up Andrew Price's spare EpiPen from the counter, which Ruth had dropped into the delicatessen that morning. Shirley had looked up EpiPens on her favourite medical website, and felt fully competent to explain how adrenalin worked. Nobody asked, though, so she put the small white tube away in the cupboard and closed the door as noisily as she could to try and disrupt Maureen's further witticisms. The phone in Howard's huge hand rang. ‘Yes, hello? Oh, Miles, yes †¦ yes, we know all about it †¦ Mum saw it this morning †¦' He laughed. ‘Yes, she's taken it down †¦ I don't know †¦ I think it was posted yesterday †¦ Oh, I wouldn't say that †¦ we've all known about Bends-Your-Ear for years †¦' But Howard's jocularity faded as Miles talked. After a while he said, ‘Ah †¦ yes, I see. Yes. No, I hadn't considered it from †¦ perhaps we should get someone to have a look at security †¦' The sound of a car in the darkening square outside went virtually unremarked by the three in the delicatessen, but its driver noticed the enormous shadow of Howard Mollison moving behind the cream blinds. Gavin put his foot down, eager to get to Mary. She had sounded desperate on the telephone. ‘Who's doing this? Who's doing it? Who hates me this much?' ‘Nobody hates you,' he had said. ‘Who could hate you? Stay there †¦ I'm coming over.' He parked outside the house, slammed the door and hurried up the footpath. She opened the front door before he had even knocked. Her eyes were puffy with tears again, and she was wearing a floor-length woollen dressing gown that dwarfed her. It was not at all seductive; the very antithesis of Kay's scarlet kimono, but its homeliness, its very shabbiness, represented a new level of intimacy. Mary's four children were all in the sitting room. Mary gestured him through into the kitchen. ‘Do they know?' he asked her. ‘Fergus does. Somebody at school told him. I've asked him not to tell the others. Honestly, Gavin †¦ I'm about at the end of my tether. The spite – ‘ ‘It isn't true,' he said, and then, his curiosity getting the better of him, ‘is it?' ‘No!' she said, outraged. ‘I mean †¦ I don't know †¦ I don't really know her. But to make him talk like that †¦ putting the words in his mouth †¦ don't they care what it's like for me?' She dissolved into tears again. He felt that he shouldn't hug her while she was wearing her dressing gown, and was glad that he had not, when eighteen-year-old Fergus entered the kitchen a moment later. ‘Hey, Gav.' The boy looked tired, older than his years. Gavin watched him put an arm around Mary and saw her lean her head against his shoulder, mopping her eyes on her baggy sleeve like a child. ‘I don't think it was the same person,' Fergus told them, without preamble. ‘I've been looking at it again. The style of the message is different.' He had it on his mobile phone, and began to read aloud: ‘†Parish Councillor Dr Parminder Jawanda, who pretends to be so keen on looking after the poor and needy of the area, has always had a secret motive. Until I died – â€Å"‘ ‘Fergus, don't,' said Mary, slumping down at the kitchen table. ‘I can't take it. I honestly can't. And his article in the paper today too.' As she covered her face with her hands and sobbed silently, Gavin noticed the Yarvil and District Gazette lying there. He never read it. Without asking or offering, he moved across to the cupboard to make her a drink. ‘Thanks, Gav,' she said thickly, when he pushed the glass into her hand. ‘It might be Howard Mollison,' suggested Gavin, sitting down beside her. ‘From what Barry said about him.' ‘I don't think so,' said Mary, dabbing at her eyes. ‘It's so crude. He never did anything like that when Barry was -‘ she hiccuped ‘- alive.' And then she snapped at her son, ‘Throw that paper away, Fergus.' The boy looked confused and hurt. ‘It's got Dad's – ‘ ‘Throw it away!' said Mary, with an edge of hysteria in her voice. ‘I can read it off the computer if I want to, the last thing he ever did – on our anniversary!' Fergus took the newspaper off the table and stood for a moment watching his mother, who had buried her face in her hands again. Then, with a glance at Gavin, he walked out of the room still holding the Gazette. After a while, when Gavin judged that Fergus was not coming back, he put out a consoling hand and rubbed Mary's arm. They sat in silence for some time, and Gavin felt much happier with the newspaper gone from the table.

Jayber Crow

At an early age Jayber Crow thought he was called to go into the ministry, but after many experiences and many questions about his religion, he found himself living in Port William, Kentucky as the town barber. Jayber quickly came to realize he needed Port William and loved to live and work there. Port William also came to realize that it needed Jayber. Not only was he the town barber, but he became the town grave digger and the janitor of the town church. Jayber found a place where he felt loved and that he belonged, and he was becoming a productive citizen. At the age of 10, Jayber’s life had been turned upside down.His aunt Cordie died, and he had no other relatives, so he was placed in The Good Shepherd orphanage. While at the orphanage, Jayber felt that he had been called into the ministry. After being orphaned at such a young age with nowhere to call home, he may have been looking too hard for a place to fit in or a place that he belonged. This could have led him to beli eve that he had been called to preach. He started pre-ministry at Pigeonville College, but before long he had started questioning his own beliefs and found himself wandering around looking for answers and a place to call home.As far back as he could remember, Jayber had fond and vivid memories of the river where he was raised. He loved that river because it always remained the same even when everything else changed around him. The river made him happy. After leaving Pigeonville, Jayber found himself in Lexington, but it was not long before he realized he needed to move on. Jayber eventually returned to his beloved river, and it led him to Port William. Jayber had learned how to cut hair while in school and had a stint as a barber in Lexington.When he saw that there was a barber shop in Port William with no barber, he figured that he could easily fill the position. Throughout his 32 years as the town barber, Jayber Crow made many friends who would last a lifetime. Aside from being th e town barber, Jayber was also the town grave digger and the janitor of the town church, all of which he thoroughly enjoyed. Since he lived above his shop in town, he could easily be found when a grave needed to be dug, and he was always more than willing to help the women at the church whenever they needed it. He loved his work, and his work loved him.The people of Port William welcomed him as part of the community. This story seems to be about the fact that Jayber was pleased with and thankful for the life he had, even though it was very simple. As he got older, Jayber moved to a two room shack on the river with no electricity and no running water, but he could not have been happier anywhere else. Jayber had found a place that he could call home and a town full of people that he could call family. In the story of Jayber Crow, the place where his deep gladness and the world’s deep hunger met was known as Port William.

Managing Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Managing Diversity - Research Paper Example The paper tells that the modern business environment is observed to become increasingly competitive undergoing constant alterations owing to globalization. This certain fact is in turn growing to be a major challenge for the survival of the organizations in the current day context. The rate of globalization is rapidly escalating, simultaneously triggering the need of increased communication in between the people with varied beliefs, backgrounds and cultures compared to the earlier times. Individuals are no more considered to exist in a limited marketplace as the factor of globalization makes them an integral part of the global economy and is believed to face competition from almost all the continents. Owing to such reasons, it becomes necessary for profit as well as non-profit organizations to entail and accept diversity so as to attain increased creativeness along with becoming open to different types of alterations. Capitalizing as well as maximizing on the element of diversity is developing to become quite a significant issue related to management in the present times. Diversity refers to the concept of comprehending, recognizing, accommodating and assessing along with commemorating about the dissimilarities that exists among individuals with regard to class, gender, mental stability, sexual-orientation, status related to public assistance, age, ethnicity, physical competence, race, and spiritual application. The issues associated with diversity are presently regarded as significant and are even anticipated to gain augmented significance in the upcoming days owing to the growing dissimilarities in the population. It is considered to be imperative for the organizations to concentrate on the element of diversity and seek for different ways in order to become completely comprehensive organizations. Diversity is believed to entail the prospective of reaping increased productivity level accompanied with competitive advantages. In this context, managing as well as assessing diversity is learnt to be a vital constituent associated with effectual people management which is competent of enhancing the productivity of the organizations (Rosado, 2006). Concept of Managing Diversity The international environment of business, increased requirements owing to the intense competitiveness and demographic alterations calls for the requirement of diversity. In this regards, managing diversity has been referred to the practice related to learning which paves the path towards overall organizational competence. The development of this competence is measured to be immensely important in a modern organization for the reason of effectually acting in response to the issues as well as prospects that are triggered owing to the existing socio-cultural form of diversity with regard to a particularly distinct social system. Management of diversity is believed to take place by pursuing a definite order of steps with the aid of which individuals as well as organization s progress from lack of knowledge. This is again associated with the definite topic till the stage or a level where the activities with regard to diversity manipulating the organizations, their consequences and their workforce is comprehended (Cox & Beale, 1997). Managing diversity is also referred to the constant process which helps in setting free of the different talents along with proficiencies that is brought into a particular organization, society and community by its respective diverse population with the aim to build a completely inclusive along with wholesome environment. This particular environment is believed to hold increased significance as it helps in effectively managing the differences along with making the most of the entire latent of all the involved individuals which proves to be beneficial for all from a cultural perspective (Rosado, 2006). Diversity is stated to be a budding notion in the current phenomenon. This specific term is believed to be both particular b eing centered on a definite individual and being contextual