The School Access to Emergency Epinephrine Essay example -- anaphylaxis

Imagine eating in the cafeteria and suddenly becoming short of breath as your throat starts to close up. There are 6 million children living in the world who are at high risk of experiencing this condition (Cianferoni, 2012). This condition is called anaphylaxis caused from an allergen. This send away turn into a life-threatening situation. inform systems need grants to provide adequate care to these students that experience anaphylaxis to prevent from lethal getrences. The School Access to Emergency adrenaline Act is the answer to decrease the risk of these situations. The bill authorizes the Congress to give funding to the schools if they meet the following requirements maintain an emergency supply of epinephrine, permit clever personnel of the school to administer epinephrine, and develop a plan for ensuring trained personnel are available to administer epinephrine during all hours of the school sidereal day (H.R. 2094, 2013). This bill can affect the overall healthcare syst em by providing a safe environment in the schools for children and providing peace of mind for the families of children with allergies. Anaphylaxis is an allergic reply that occurs suddenly and without warning. It is severe and can be deadly if not treated immediately. During anaphylaxis, the airways tighten and cause difficulty breathing, swallowing, wheezing, loss of consciousness and sometimes hives. Anaphylaxis can occur not only from food allergies, but also medical specialtys and insect bites (Kim & Fischer, 2011). In children, food allergies are the most common source of anaphylaxis (Kim & Fisher, 2011). Anaphylaxis is treated with a medication called Epinephrine. In Massachusetts, the department of health found that a fourth of the students who needed Epinephrin... ...reasonably believed to be having an anaphylactic reaction and has in place a plan for having on the premises of the school during all operating hours of the school one or more individuals who are trained per sonnel of the school (H.R. 2094, 2013). This act is extremely all important(p) in the healthcare of the society. Without adequate funds and access to non-patient specific epinephrine during these situations could result in insecurity and possibly death in the school system. The School Access to Emergency Epinephrine will provide families assurance that their children will be safe and protected and if the situation occurs, that they would be treated promptly and effectively. non only will this act provide peace of mind for families and children, but also allow the society as a whole to trust the legislative system to provide for their healthcare needs when they arise.

Rhythmic Procedures and Rudimental Drumming :: essays papers

Rhythmic Procedures and Rudimental DrummingIn history, drumming and the use of percussive instruments have had a world-shaking role in peoples lives. Not only do the people who play these instruments enjoy them, but it is said that there is as frequently pleasure participating in, as listening to and admiring an expert drummers improvisations. The use of drums has been recognized as be able to put people into spiritual trances end-to-end history. The drum is a musical instrument with great power and presence that gives the pulse or backbone to the music it is incorporated with.There are troika rudimental rhythmic effects that have been known in drumming for the use of communication, entertainment and both communication and entertainment together. These are (1) the use of a drum as a speech surrogate or a talking drum. These methods of playing were used for communicative purposes and often codes were used to be played everyplace long distances for the sending and receiving of m essages. (2) The use of both iconic and symbolic dimensions of communication within music and terpsichore. Throughout many festivals in Africa, depending on the event being celebrated, drumbeats are used to dictate the type of dance to be done by the listeners. For example, at the time of a birth of twins there is a different dance done than at a birth of a single child and the beat of the drum instructs the listeners to do the appropriate dance. (3) This rhythmic procedure is most commonly used today and is the pure musical play of rhythms in dance. There are no communicative obligations within this type of music, which allows for free-form dance and unlimited use of improvisational strategies by the musician. The third rhythmic procedure will be most emphasized throughout this report for a few reasons. whizz reason is that it is not possible to make generalizations about drumming as a whole, used as communication devices because every society in earlier Africa had its unique fin gerprints on sounds of the rhythmic beats they have played. Another reason for the emphasis on this rhythmic procedure and not the first two is the accessibility of rhythmical facts pertaining to each. Unfortunately, much of the known facts about rudimental African rhythmic procedures is stored within the minds of the tribal musicians themselves. One phrase I learned from researching this topic is that the support and energy of the drummer lives half within the drummers soul, and half within the drum he plays.

Definition Description of Central Processing Unit :: essays research papers fc

A Central Processing Unit ( central processor) is a chip, containing a microprocessor, at the heart of around every modern computing electronic. A microprocessor is a small integrated circuit or chip, comprised of silicon and transistors, which interprets electrical impulses, performs operations on the electrical impulses, and sends the impulses to other device. The transistors be simple switches that turn on and off, allowing the electrical impulses through when on or open.Microprocessors are very small. They can range in size of it from a few millimeters, to an inch on one side. The larger can contain tens of millions of transistors that have been carved into its surface by very precise machines. The wires connecting transistor to transistor in modern personal computer microprocessor are only 0.18 microns thick, while the human hair is 100 microns thick.The Central Processing Unit in most computers is about two inches by two inches and about two millimeters thick. They house the microprocessor in their core where it is connected to a number of conducting pins used for inputs and outputs. The central processing unit is larger than the microprocessor for many reasons, a few being that as the operations are conducted in the microprocessor they create heat and heat is more easily truehearted over a larger area, and that in early computer they same microprocessor was moved from one computer to another and so it was easier to move a larger more rigid object than the smaller, more fragile microprocessors. This also makes it easier for manufactures of parts that will utilize a microprocessor in that they can make a socket for the CPUs pins to fit into instead of having to install each microprocessor manually. Much give care the human brain, the CPU takes information from various inputs, such as a keyboard or mouse, like our brain takes from our eyes, hands, tongue, and nose, and interprets them into different meanings and determines an appropriate response. At the core of a CPU are logic gates that do basic mathematical functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and interpreting of signals for the rest of the computer to understand. All communication done inside the CPU are interpreted in computer language know as binary. The only letters or numbers in binary are 1 and 0, represented as electrical signals, on and off. The CPU takes these electrical impulses, reads where they are supposed to go, and sends them to their destination, just like our

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Every year to a greater extent than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving more than 6 million children. There can be no single factor identified as the cause of child abuse. However it appears to be influenced by the parents histories, psychological resources, and economic location. Parenting is not instinctive, it must be learned. While this is often done through experience, education courses for individuals prior to their becoming parents, and close evaluation of indeterminate homes could enhance parents knowledge and the childrens well being. A high percentage of black parents have histories of physical and emotional abuse intercommunicateed upon them during their childhood. Thus, they were deprived of parents who taught them how to be good parents. sister abuse scenarios that seem tragic to others are ordinary to parents from abusive backgrounds, and often overlooked. The absence of good parents is detrimental to a childs learning how to f ulfill parental roles. The children from abusive households think that an abusive environment is normal, correct, and acceptable. They grow up believing that and emulate that lifestyle. Sometimes abuse does not stem from a lack of knowledge, but quite a from a psychological disorder. Many abusive parents have some type of emotional or mental disorder. An dictatorial personality is a common diagnostic of abusive parents. Drug and alcohol abuse is alike another common trait among abusive parents. Neurosis, mental deficiency, and/or emotional immaturity can also contribute to abuse. Surprisingly, mothers make up the larger percentage of child abusers, about 48 percent, while fathers only represent around 39 percent of cases. The relief of the cases come from friends or other family members. Most abusers range from 20 to 40 years of age, but parents between 16 and 20 years old inflict the majority of fatalities.There are four factors that can be used to identify child abusers. They are Rigidity, problems with self-image, lack of social skills, and lack of self-control. Economic status also plays a role in contributing to child abuse. According to a report put out by Child Protective operate all of the families in their system are considered financially unstable, and less than half hold jobs. There is still no excuse for child abuse , disregarding of a persons history or current condition in life, nothing makes abusing a child right. Child abuse is a bicycle and once it has begun it is extremely hard to break.

Twelfth Night Essays -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

In Shakespeares play, Twelfth Night or What you Will, the characters are involved in a plot complete with trickery, disguise, and turn in. Each character is define not by his or her gender or true identity, but by the role they are forced to take because of the complicated situation that arises. unconnected their gender, the speech the characters give an insight to their true personalities. In the Twelfth Night, the character Duke Orsino uses flowery and over- prominent delivery, long poetic sentence structure, and melodramatic metaphors to display his overemotional amative nature despite the different emotions in his various speeches.Duke Orsinos repeated usage of poetical verse and poetic devices to describe his woes from love set him apart(predicate) from other character. By using deep metaphorical language and flowing poetic structure, Shakespeare conveys Orsinos melodramatic nature. In Orsinos first speech, he takes a complicated and metaphorical approach to explain h is love for Olivia instead of directly stating his desires. Instead of using prose, Orsino speaks in blank verse which is significantly fancier and floral in language. He says, If music be the food of love, play on /Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, /The appetite may sicken, and so die (1.1 3-5) to compare his love for Olivia to his love of music. Orsino wants the excess of it, so that he can become bored of music and therefore his love for Olivia. This also shows that he is excessively wordy passim his speech and often prolongs sentences with repetitive phrases such as ,play on/Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting (1.1.3-4) and may sicken, and so die (1.1.5) that have the same meaning. His long-winded language illustrates the dramatic quality... ...ve./To spite a ravens heart within a genus Columba (5.1.130-131), to finally summarize his long speech. Orsino uses metaphors to compare the lamb to genus Viola and the dove to Olivia. Viola is the gentle lamb that Orsin o claims he will sacrifice in order to attain revenge against Olivia, a deceivingly beautiful dove with a dark heart. By using a metaphor to end his speech, Orsino exits with a more dramatic and profound flair than if he directly verbalize his plans to kill Viola. Despite the anger in the speech in Act 5, Orsino uses similar poetic techniques such as metaphors, repetition, and flowery language to convey his dramatic nature. These techniques often convolute the original meaning of Orsinos words because of the metaphorical structure. It is however the same traits that put him aside other characters in the play and describe Orsino memorable to the audience.

Twelfth Night Essays -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

In Shakespeares play, Twelfth Night or What you Will, the characters are involved in a plot eke out with trickery, disguise, and love. Each character is defined not by his or her gender or true identity, but by the role they are forced to own because of the complicated situation that arises. Unlike their gender, the speech the characters give an insight to their true personalities. In the Twelfth Night, the character Duke Orsino uses ornate and over-dramatic language, dogged poetic sentence structure, and dramatic metaphors to display his overemotional romantic nature despite the different emotions in his various speeches.Duke Orsinos repeated usage of poetical rhythm and poetic devices to secern his woes from love set him apart from other(a) character. By using deep metaphorical language and flowing poetic structure, Shakespeare conveys Orsinos melodramatic nature. In Orsinos first speech, he takes a complicated and metaphorical approach to explain his love for Olivia in stead of directly stating his desires. Instead of using prose, Orsino speaks in blank verse which is significantly fancier and floral in language. He says, If music be the food of love, play on /Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting, /The appetite may sicken, and so die (1.1 3-5) to compare his love for Olivia to his love of music. Orsino wants the excess of it, so that he can become bored of music and therefore his love for Olivia. This also shows that he is excessively wordy throughout his speech and often prolongs sentences with repetitive phrases such as ,play on/Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting (1.1.3-4) and may sicken, and so die (1.1.5) that bring the same meaning. His long-winded language illustrates the dramatic quality... ...ve./To spite a ravens heart within a dove (5.1.130-131), to finally summarize his long speech. Orsino uses metaphors to compare the lamb to Viola and the dove to Olivia. Viola is the gentle lamb that Orsino claims he will sacrifice in or der to attain revenge against Olivia, a deceivingly beautiful dove with a dark heart. By using a metaphor to end his speech, Orsino exits with a more dramatic and profound ardour than if he directly stated his plans to kill Viola. Despite the anger in the speech in Act 5, Orsino uses similar poetic techniques such as metaphors, repetition, and flowery language to convey his dramatic nature. These techniques often convolute the original meaning of Orsinos words because of the metaphorical structure. It is however the same traits that put him aside other characters in the play and make Orsino memorable to the audience.

The Batek of Malaysia Way of Life

The Batek of Malaysia Way of Life Amos Shaw Ant 101 Sean McCoy April 23, 2012 The Batek of Malaysia Way of Life This paper go awaying discuss the values and beliefs, the semipolitical organization, and the gender of relations of the Batek of Malaysia. Batek atomic number 18 Semang or Malayan Negritos, numbering 700-800 in 1995. The Batek of Malaysias primary mode of substances is Foragers. Foragers are hunting and gathering lifestyle, it is one of the oldest forms of human society. The Batek have held on to their traditional way of life for years. How do you think it was possible for them to maintain their way of life through m either different generations?My paper is on The Batek of Malaysia which is a group of community of Aboriginal they lived mainly in the watershed of the Lebir River in the peninsular Malaysian tell of Kelantan and along the northern tributaries of the Tembeling River in the Pahang state. They are typically shorter than other southeastern Asians with da rk brown skin and curly to wooly hair. They are a southeastern Asian rain afforest foraging society who lives in camps with at least five or six nuclear families. They survive by hunting, gathering, and trading their forest products.The Malaysians stayed to themselves besides recent contact between the Batek and outsiders occurred largely on an individual basis, with individual Malay farmers living along the main rivers of the area. A major(ip)ity of the Batek society are being logged to make way for rubber and palm oil whole kit and caboodleations and for land develop ment schemes intended to provide family plots for landless Malay farmers. The Batek values the liberty that their way of life provides, they are able to move around freely and are able to move around freely and participate in any economical activities.They have no formal leader, but women and men can be asseverateed the title as a headmen but this does not assign to special authority or privileges. Values and Be liefs They conceptualise in a group of supermen surrounding the sea and the land. They believe that they were discriminated the Batek from ordinary humans, and were created by a mightiness being. They believe the superpower being created all the plants and animals in the forest. They ask everything they require from the super humans, including the regain to diseases.They are motivated by the compassion extended to them and they cannot exit to give back and if they do they have terrible consequences from the supernatural that would be beyond their control. The Batek believe that one of their diseases, keoy, consisting of fever, depression, shortness of breath, and weakness, is caused when someone is angry with another without justification. The cure for the disease is that the person responsible for the problem treats the victim with various folk remedies, tells the victims heart to be cool, blows on his or her chest for the cooling effect, and grasps and throws away the disease. They believe that living in the forest is cooler and healthier than living in the heat of the clearing, forest are in any case preferred because it gives refuge from other plenty. They are opposed to interpersonal violence, they avoid violence. Political Organization They live in domestic groups forming a camp of no less than three. They reside intents with ten people per tent. Land ownership does not exist, the bateks dont think of themselves as landowners but as land administrators. They still have their own surrounding land.They had no leadership the leaders treated themselves as equals. Bateks had no formal conflict resolution procedure they had private discussion if a conflict comes between family, camp, or group. If it is a serious problem thus they will have the input of all members of their camp to assist in the argument. If there is no resolution then they will remove them from the camp to cool down the situation. Gender Relations There are no special influences specifyi ng duties of either gender, they are highly democratic which means that they practice equality.Women and men have a strong bonds and the subsequent sharing of the same. They each produce their share of food men hunt plot of land women gather vegetables, and fruits they are valued equally. The women are still able to hunt if they choose to because there are no rigid rules. They have no major rules that tell what the roles of the different sexs men and women play a part in agricultural activities. The men also gather tubers and other plant foods. Their main cash producing activity is their collecting of rattons. Decisions making is a shared responsibility to couples.The women and men chose their own marital fate the parents can try and bend their children on whom they want them to marry but they cannot demand or require them to marry anyone. They are known to marry because of physical attraction and love they also desire a partner who is industrious and will participate in househol d activities (Endicott & Endicott, 2008). In foraging society virginity is not important some conjoin couples were adolescent partners who had relationships before. They do not have marked ceremonies, a couple is considered married when they begin living in concert.When a couple no longer resides together they are no longer considered married. They are normally close because they work together in a close proximity. Either can end the trades union and then they depend on the family. Husband and wife are considered equally important. The JOA has been trying to prepare them for hard times. The Batek will probably continue to forage in the forest as long as they can. They will have to supplement their foraging more through wage labor working for the logging companies or the new plantations. Recently young Batek men joined the Malaysian army.There are wage earning jobs on plantations, such as tapping rubber or cutting grass. Batek women will be able to get such jobs in the future and t hus retain some of their economic independence. Malaysian government has tried to promote economic a social assimilation and it is slowed by such arrangement. When the Batek finally settle they will live in homogeneous villages or neighborhoods. This paper discusses the values and beliefs, the political organization, and the gender relations of the Batek of Malaysia. It shows the different ways of life and how they chose to lead theirs.They are a very open and equal community who values both men and women equally. From the information I gathered I do not think it was hard for them to maintain their way of life because they have a fair society. Their people are treated fair and they are all given equal opportunities. References I. VI. 5 The Batek of peninsular Malaysia. (2006). In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com/entry/cuphg/i_vi_5_the_batek_of_peninsular_malaysia I. VI. 1 Introduction Southeast Asia. (2006).In The Cam bridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com/entry/cuphg/i_vi_1_introduction_southeast_asia II. II. 5 Traditional and modern visual art of hunting and gathering peoples. (2006). In the Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com/entry/cuphg/ii_ii_5_traditional_and_modern_visual_art_of_hunting_and_gathering_peoples Nowak, B. , & Laird, P. (2010). Cultural anthropology. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Retrieved from https//content. ashford. edu

A persuasive essay on Illegal Immigrants

Are illegal aliens a problem of immigration? A purported view is immigration is not the problem, but alternatively the control and enforcement of immigration. In any country, the unchecked and illicit inflow of people can pose a challenge to that countrys sovereignty.Rich countries rent three major bear ons when it comes to immigration. First, thither is the belief that it causes wage inequality by a reduction in wages for domestic worker due to competition from immigrants. Next, there is the pressure it puts on facilities like schools and services like healthcare and wel far-offe payments. This pressure is borne by taxpayers. Finally, especially post-911, there is the concern that there could be incidences of enemies hosted in immigrant communities.Another increasing concern is the amount of money crossing borders by way of remittances to extended family. Worker remittances from the US to Mexico came up to $16.6 billion last year. This amount is second only to vegetable oil in t he US export revenues.The financial burden that illegal immigrants put on a country cannot be underestimated. The Federation for American Immigration clear up estimated a $7.7 billion spend a year in California to educate illegal immigrants and their children. The State of California also spends yearly $1.4 billion on health care and on illegal immigrants in prison.The major reason for illegal immigration is that the supply does not meet the demand. In the US, there is readiness for 675,000 visas a year for permanent residence. 480,000 of these are available for the family reunification, 140,000 are based on employment. Humanitarian visas awarded to refugees were at a maximum of 70,000 in 2004. The diversity draft gives out another 50,000 visas to citizens of countries that have sent fewer than 50,000 migrants in the previous five geezerhood.Different countries like Spain, France and the US have varying experiences of illegal aliens.Spain has its own administer of trying to con trol the entry of illegal aliens onto its shores. Sub-Saharan Africa sees the neighboring country as the closest refuge. 5,000 clandestine immigrants, trying to escape the consequences of a population that far outstrips it economic capability, have crossed the border with about 1,000 drowning as the board fragile fishing boats to make their way to the Canary Islands.Since France does not have the US advantage of a flexible labor market and stingy welfare state, it has ended up with a resentful immigrant underclass with time on its hands. France immediately has a low proportion of skilled immigrants.The French interior minister, Nicolas Sarkozy, is working on reversing this trend. He is proposing a managed, high-skilled, demand-led immigration policy by introducing a selective immigration policy with quotas for workers, students and families and allowing entry to those who have the means to support a family.This policy would involve opening up the borders to more skilled workers whi le clamping bulge out illegal aliens through a closer watch on bogus marriages, increased deportation and scrapping the automatic right to stay after 10 years of being in France illegally.There are some 12 million illegal immigrants in the U.S., most of them employed. In the US, most illegal immigrants are day laborers, 50% of whom are employed by homeowners. A lot of these day workers see themselves as victims of unemployment and of a failed immigration system. It is being said that tight legal controls have driven Latinos to illegality and across the U.S., 117,000 undocumented immigrants, the majority from Mexico, gather daily, looking for work.My personal experience is that illegal immigrants go after the jobs that citizens are not likely to be interested in like agriculture, landscaping, and housekeeping and most people are not averse to hiring them.

If Nas Ruled The World Essay

We have all fantasized about ruling the world In our free time. Whether you ruled wit an Iron fist or gave free Ice cream to your followers, everybody has rules differently. I n the song If I Ruled The World by Nas featuring Lauren Hill, Nas Imagines a world that ca n hardly be classified as ghetto fabulous. Although this song ideally disagrees with everything believe in, I support Nas idea of unity.The world that NAS speaks of is a place where y o can smoke weed in the streets without the cops harassing, court without trial and people e more conscious of the way we raise our daughters. This may sound like anarchy for the m cost part, but Nas speaks of a place like paradise for some. Nanas, formally known as Nas, was r eased in Queens, new-fashioned York. This is shown evident from the song alone. Nas speaks of problem s that you would not find many other places other than the slums of New York.In the song he peaks of Welfare, weed, cocaine, war cry, undercover cops, and the list continues. These Ideas may seem foreign, but Queens alone feels like a different world from the close by New York City. This is wherefore I like this song. He did not attempt to speak politics or economy values when he showed us a glimpse of his hierarchy but he spoke of a world that Queens k new nothing about. Nanas spoke of a peaceful place. This song was an effective persuasive audio essay because he clearly stated his mall Idea, supported It, and reached the targeted audience.

Quality Management and Six Sigma Essay

Describe the evolution of theatrical role from the early 20th century through the Nipponese post-World War II, to the caliber revolution in the U. S. and elsewhere in the 1980s through the early 21st Century. Identify the underlying forces to the choice revolution. Explain the role of the property gurus including Walter Shewhart, Joseph Juran, W. Edwards Deming Early Twentieth Century Inspection was the primary means of feeling control during the first half of the twentieth century Separate the planning conk from execution functionManagers/engineers plan and supervisors/workers execute Bell remains was very popular up until this time Production organizations created separate step departments, lead hurrying managers to believe prime(prenominal) is responsibility of the gauge department and turned focus to quantity/efficiency 1980s Henry Ford developed total quality practices once he visited Japan in 1982 Japanese constantly referred to the book which had become Japans indu strial bible and helped Ford Motor alliance realize how it had strayed from principles over the years Walter ShewhartWestern Electric Group leader Created era of statistical quality control (SQC), application of statistical methods for controlling quality Goes beyond inspection to focus on identifying/eliminating problems that cause defects Used by military in WWII to determine quality standards for suppliers Post-World War II Large deficit of civilian goods in the US made production a top priority Most companies still thought of quality for a specialist, used aggregative inspection Dr. Joseph Juran and Dr. Edwards DemingIntroduced statistical quality control techniques to the Japanese post-WWII Significant part of educational activity was focused on upper management rather than quality specialists alone Got support of top management to integrate quality throughout organization and developed a culture of continuous improvement. By 1970s Japanese began to heavily penetrate Western markets U. S. gauge Revolution Decade of the 1980s major change in how quality is looked at in a club Deming aired If Japan Can Why Cant We? After the television show manufacturers began to ask for his health 1984 the US made October National Quality Month By 1990s quality drove nearly every organizations quest for success Organizations began to share knowledge through books and invigorated quality awards were established Underlying Forces Of The Revolution 1970s global competition and appearance of higher-quality foreign products on the market lead U. S consumers to consider purchasing decisions to a greater extent carefully Large differences in quality between Japanese and U. S. made products so demand for high quality/reliability in goods at a fair value went upList and describe the seven contemporary forces identified by ASQ that will influence the future of quality Defining quality describe the various dimensions of quality including formal definitions of quality transce ndent quality, product-, user- and value-based quality, fitness for use, conformation to specifications and meeting or exceeding customer expectations. Show visually the quality perspectives. Identify the definition of quality to individual divisions in a corporation e. g. , sales, marketing, supply chain, operations, distribution, etc.Judgment/Transcendent placement Defines quality as the worthiness of a product Firms with this perspective wish to use quality as an image variable in the minds of their consumers Provides little value to mangers for decision making Product-Based Perspective Quality is a function of a specific, measurable variable and that differences in quality reflect differences in quantity of some product attribute, such as number of stiches per inch Essentially means a greater amount of product features leads to higher quality and ability to charge a higher price User-Based PerspectiveDefines quality based on the fact that quality is determined by what the cu stomer requires All individuals are divergent and thus have different perspectives of quality Defined as fitness for intended us, or how well the product performs its intended function. Product needs to perform what it is marketed to do Value-Based Perspective A quality product is one that is as useful as competing products and is sold at a lower price, or one that offers greater usefulness or satisfaction at a comparable price. Ex Buying a generic product like Roundys net income over Wonder bread for cheaper Perspective often requires competitor analysis, leads benchmarking to become essential to a firm using this perspective Manufacturing-Based Perspective The desirable outcome of engineering and manufacturing practice, or conformance to specifications. Specifications are determined by designers of the products/services and acts as basis for definition of quality Aim to conform to these specifications every time to ensure consistency curb FIGUREDescribe the movement of quality as a management framework through Feigenbaums total quality and the movement to TQM and TQ TQ is people-focused management system that aims at continual increase in customer satisfaction at continually lower real cost. Total system approach (not separate functions) Fegenbaum recognized importance of a comprehensive organizational approach to quality in the 1950s and coined the term total quality control Japanese adopted it and named it companywide quality control List the three key principles of Total Quality Management (TQM) 1. A focus on customers and stakeholders.

Essay On Pop Culture

Technological advancements the last decades exhaust contributed to the creation of a globalized era, with the English phraseology as a common denominator, as the major lyric spoken amongst those who do not shargon any language. Globalization have do it possible for an extreme offput of prevalent close that has mainly origins of English declareing countries with U. S. A. as the main exporter of popular culture through medicament, movies, television etc. In this essay I explore the positive aspects that using popular medical specialty in the developroom great power potentially have.In my main issues I dissertate the motivational aspects of popular culture, why teachers might feel insecure or unwilling to use the pupils personal interests of popular culture in the classroom. too how popular culture outhouse be utilize to understand the heathenish values of foreign countries and societies. Furtherto a greater extent I will present some practical tasks and suggestions for lessons in how to use popular culture and the sub-category music as the most important teaching resource within popular culture in exercises in the classroom as a motivating track to rear communicative skills of the language.Also important aspects on how cultural and historic influences on music by people and countries eject be used to teach students of other(a) values and how music thunder mug be used to create understanding for other peoples way of perceiving life. Major Issues Inviting the students companionable environment into the classroom Motivational effects of popular culture nonpareil important factor for successful schooling in any context is motivation, a concept that in all forms of education is a key to classroom learning (Harrett & Benjamin, 2009, p. 138).Language learning is not just about teaching students formal academic language. In order for a student to be able to effectively communicate in a broader context the student overly needs to have knowled ge of the informal language and tender structures that might not be as present in the literature the schools provide. These issues can be however found within popular culture such as media from television or music, in order to engage in the situations of their life where they have to adapt their language to the various domains of their world (Lambirth, 2003, p. 11)In teaching languages, the introduction of popular culture is a method of creating motivation, as the students can then relate their classroom work to their knowledge, experience and interests of their social life (Harrett & Benjamin, 2009, p. 134). In a study of the English effect for second language learners in Mexican schools it is suggested that an increased financial aid to popular music in the curriculum would enhance the students motivation for the English language as activities involving this sub-category of popular culture would apply their knowledge, their music and their language. (Domoney & Harris, 1993, p. 235).Music is such a popular concept for the students, used correctly, it will help to motivate and increase the interest of a subject through a conscious and emotional affaire from the students (Kanel, 1997, p. 218). Pop culture is a way of gaining the students interest, by connecting the students familiar knowledge of the English language that they are exposed to outside of school. Using the students knowledge of popular culture will then serve as a meaningful resource to teach the language (Lambirth, 2003, p.12).Using popular culture makes students more prone to learning the subject and will prevent any inhibitions of learning that comes from an affective filter Peter Krashens metaphor for when the student feels anxiety, boredom, stress and/or other pressures, they create an emotional barrier that prevent learning (Kanel, 1997, p. 219, Griffee, 1988, p. 24). Developments in English language teaching have been on the interaction and negotiation of the students and on the enor mousness of integrating their experiences, knowledge and feelings into classroom.The ideas and discussions revolving about pop music included these valuable inputs from outside of school and came together and related to the more communicative focus of language learning that is still a popular method of teaching (Domoney & Harris, 1993). They get enough of that at home Claims that pop culture does not belong in the classroom are outdated. Teachers might feel a general unwillingness to ward incorporating popular culture in the classroom and there are often some(prenominal) issues that create this point of view.Teachers might not understand the contemporary popular culture of todays youth and so project negative thoughts on what is popular, expressing ideas such as children who are more interested in popular culture are not as bright as those who prefer reading. Teachers might also regard pop culture as contra productive for students creativity and reason that they get enough of inpu t in their give up time (Lambirth, 2003). However, the teachers are not those who can fully take the blame for not wanting to incorporate popular culture in the classroom.The teachers are caught between the two strong influences, of the popular culture industry and those who create the educational policies (Lambirth, 2003) It might therefore be unfair to lay blame on teachers for not wanting to take a gamble on their jobs and career by using methods that does not follow their curriculum. Using popular culture in the subject demands some knowledge of current technology and in using media properly in the classroom.The teacher education programs lack the teaching of these issues, young teachers are therefore anxious in using these kinds of modern methods of teaching as they do not want to stray too far from the curriculum. It is of the essence that the teacher rearing programs start education the students in how to properly use these ship canal to keep the next generation in tune wit h the progressive modern digital world. (Harrett & Benjamin, 2009)Classrooms can no longer be a room and place where local traditions are taught and implemented upon the students the role that popular culture plays suggest that there is a need for better education of informal language (Pennycook, 2010, p. 82). The globalization have created transcultural flows of popular cultures that appeal the students in different ways and many students can no longer be affected by only the local traditions. The students identities are instead reflected by the popular music and culture that are in constant flow.If the education for our future generations want to stay in touch with the trends of society, by paying attention to the students knowledge, identity, interests and desires, then it is crucial that issues the students can relate to, such as popular culture are advanced into the language learning in schools (Pennycook, 2010, p. 82). Research supporting the use of pop culture & music in the classroom As i have mentioned above in my paragraph on motivation, pop music is a very large branch of the popular culture and there are studies that affirm musical knowledge and skill as useful and valuable in the classroomAll human beings possess varying degrees of musical intelligence, one of the intelligences that the human race has developed, the others are linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic and personal intelligences. Asserted in the educational surmisal of multiple intelligences by Gardner in 1985 (Failoni, 1993). The theory of multiple intelligences confirm that excluding those with headway damage, every person on this earth possess some form of musical intelligence.Anthropologists have acknowledged after tests on both normal and learning disabled-students that music attributes to several functions of language learning that is important. The properties of music, that include rhythm, melody, harmony, dynamics, form and mood, aids in the cognitive process of gaining lexicon, enhance retention and is a good way to promote general language development and reading skills (Kanel, 1997). Music can be viewed as an instrument which everybody in the classroom can be entangled in use and understand.It is therefore certainly arguable that integrating the musical intelligence in the classroom as a teaching tool by adopting and adapting it into lessons and activities without any demand on either teacher or student to have any knowledge on how to perform or compose music (Failoni, 1993). Audio-lingual method of teaching also supports the use of authentic songs, if the songs are properly chosen so that there is no abundance in non-standard grammar or excessive slang.As the songs that are constructed for ESL lacked the effectively to interest the student as the lyrics ended up being a collection of phonemes in a text (Kanel, 1997). Also the pedagogical theories of Vygotsky as well as Lave and Wenger are applicable to methods of using pop ular culture in the classroom. Lave and Wengers theories of situated learning theory states that learning occur naturally through activities, contexts and cultures. The learners utilize their knowledge and experience from their informal sociocultural world and apply them to understand new information.Vygotskys theories of the socio-cultural are establish on how children acquire knowledge through their culture (Debbie, 2007). Even though these theories are abstract they are both successful and popular within pedagogical methods and theories. And they are highly related to the students exposure of popular culture. the popular culture is an important sphere in which the students identity outside of school is affirmed, challenged, taken aside and reconstructed (Pennycook, 2010). instruction values of cultures Understanding cultural aspects through contemporary popular cultureTo perceive cultures as national entities with shared values and are set-apart by boundaries of borders to othe r countries is to look at culture from a very narrow perspective. Culture can be described as Big C & little c The Big C are the formal institutions of a domain, little c being the daily lives studied by sociologists and anthropologists, patterns of behavior and cultural traditions. When learning a second language, culture is a prominent theme in the process of learning the new language, and that involves studying customs and beliefs of a orbit (Yuen, 2011).This perspective of culture becomes complex and problematic when studying languages of a nation that have a lot of diversity and different ethnicities. France is an example of an ethnic different country because of their imperial history. Through the french hip-hop scene that have been one of the prominent music genres for the last two decades we can study the way in which the informal languages of the streets have evolved by influence of various cultures. Traditionalists have disregarded these linguistic features because of their departure from traditional grammar (Pennycook, 2010).The French hip-hop culture however despite averting from traditional grammar have their own grammatical rules that is followed, (Chien, 2008) discusses the weird English that is a result of globalization and of many different English languages co-existing, the same goes for the French hip-hop lingua, it is not broken or radical or wrong it is in fact a form of art one which can be reproduced only with knowledge of the genre. The hip-hop scene has become a new symbol for the tricolor i. e. the French signalize.The opposition of the nationalistic red, blue & white flag which does not symbolize the society of modern France should instead be ascribed to the new colors black, blanc & beur representing the multiracial, multicultural & multilingual society that is a more objective reproval of how the French social scene looks today. (Pennycook, 2010) Discussing the history of either Jazz, Rock & Roll or Rap is a way of learning the cultural aspects of the African-American society and the roots of both genres which both were born in Africa and brought to America, carried by the slaves and further evolved there to what it is today.(Omoniyi, 2006)The global use of English has been a key factor to the dissemination of the popular culture from major informal institutions such as Hollywood, or the hip-hop music which has been very influential world wide. Studying the re-appropriation of the hip-hop music in African countries as Nigera gives insight of how their values are reflected in songs by comparing them to North American contemporaries.Although the artists in Nigeria are similar to their colleagues in the U. S.by following the trends of popular culture in appearance, the Nigerian hip-hop differ a lot in their lyrics, such as different themes such as love instead of the misogynist ideals represented in the American hip-hop. (Omonyi, 2006) Studying the sub-genres of hip hop African countries gives us knowle dge of the African countries that speak English as native tongue and is a part of the globalization of the English language, but are even so underrepresented in text books supplied by schools (Yuen, 2011)The result of the English globalization is that there are a lot of countries that have their own unique music, even though they share the same genre as other English speaking countries. Irish folk music is a popular sub-genre of the folk music, which has aspects of entertainment values with songs about drinking and what the whimsical consequences of drinking too much. Many songs also contain more serious and political protest songs against British tyranny or the songs about the civil war in Ireland, giving the audience a broad insight into the countries culture and history by auditory sense to their music.But teachers using these methods to promote cultural understanding should be wary not to promote stereotypes of a country That Mexicans only dance the hat dance for example (Fail oni, 1993). Implications for Practice Music, the great communicator the phrase that popular stimulate group Red Hot Chili Peppers coined in their song Cant Stop. It cannot be assumed that they implicated anything regarding language learning, but they did in fact have a valid point with that statement. Music can be used in teaching the all four strands of language learning listening, reading, speaking & writing.Students experiencing difficulties with communication skills are likely to react positively to the entertaining aspects of music and might improve their communicative skills as rhymes, melodies and rhythm are easier to remember than ordinary speech (Failoni, 1993). Teaching informal language is something that I have stressed in this article as the researchers have argued that it is important to integrate more of the students experience from outside of school to promote student participation (Pennycook, 2010).Using authentic pop music as listening material have been since the 70s gained an increased popularity, because it colloquialism that students otherwise miss out on in the classroom (Griffee, 1988). Furthermore it will make students aware of phonetic structures. Listening exercises can be used with mixing reading comprehension, having the students underlining vocabulary in text that is chosen by the teacher consciously as a specific goal for learning (Failoni, 1993).Taking the next step with music from the listening comprehension to speaking, pronunciation skills are improved by the student first hearing the lines and the repeating them with the rythm of music as a cognitive help for the student to more pronounce the words more aptly. (Failoni, 1993) Communicative exercises can be created on the base of exploring different musical styles which is an easy alternative for teachers willing to introduce music in the classroom.(Failoni 1993) There are also a lot of different cultural aspects and stylings that can be taught in the classroom to promote cul tural awareness. Exercises to engage students about culture can be done through finding songs that are unique in the way that they are symbols of the country or region, some examples are The Genius of Ravi Shankar (India) Rampal Japanese Melodies (Japan) Bagpipe Music (Scotland) Bachs Toccata & Fugue in D minor (Germany) (Griffee, 1988) Playing these kind of songs can be used in form of quizzes as relaxed competitive tasks for the students.World maps in the classroom than this is a great tool for enhancing the task and going deeper into details. Further ways are giving the students pictures of things that symbolize the origin of the song, pictures of what kind of food is eaten there, how the buildings looks like, historical remnants like the coliseum. The songs are repeated and the students are asked to chronologically place the pictures based on the order of the songs. This is method is pedagogical in a cognitive way by the connecting the visual and hearing senses.After all the cou ntries of the songs played then follow-up activities is a way to discuss further create cultural awareness by discussions on for an example based on the pictures in front of them, (Griffee 1988) Understanding of social and political structures, both past and contemporary can be discussed and understood under the basis of only discussing a genre of music, listening to Latin American pop music presents the listener to nationalistic views (Failoni, 1988).This is a way for the students to learn these things as many youths are interested in the music. And if it so happens that the students in that particular classroom is not interested in the Hip Hop / Rap genre then the positive thing is that there are an infinite meter of genres to explore. An excerpt is also not using only one genre as a discussion point but bringing in the option for students to do research on the unique historical and cultural aspects of the music they listen to.

Operation Management †Honda Atlas Motors Essay

COMPANY ProfileAtlas Honda Limited (AHL) is a joint venture of two companies the Atlas Group and Honda Motor Co. Ltd., Japan. This company was created in 1988. The company is currently manufacturing motorcycles and auto parts. Honda motorcycles are the largest selling motorcycles in the country with matchless reputation for impressive whole tone, reliability and its customer service. Atlas has the countrys largest in-house manufacturing capability at its Karachi and Sheikhupura plants. AHL management is striving to modernize company operations by adapting applicable aspects of research and theory and more specifically, Hondas unique school of thought of hard/soft technologies to the realities of Pakistani conditions.Company management structure, systems and processes are changed according to the demands of the customer, growth and new technology. Efforts are being made to devise participation at all levels of personnel in decision-making and a substantial and effective delegation has been established at levels where applicable. Various participation programs such as Ala Mayar Quality Circles movement, launched in 1985, are strongly encouraged to allow constructive self-expression and teamwork.Atlas Honda is playing a pioneering role in creating conditions for easy and confident use of motorcycles all everyplace the country. A vast and growing network of over 1600 motorcycles sales service and spare parts dealers has been established. In order to back up this system, Atlas has lay up Technical Training Centers in Karachi and Lahore, which provide several courses of varying duration and complexity for motorcycle mechanics and users each year. Mobile training facilities impress the latest know-how, technology and maintenance of motorcycles to major rural and urban centers around the country.STRATEGIC GOALSCustomers* Our customers are the reason and the source of our business. It is our joint aim with our dealers to ensure that our customers jollify the high est level of satisfaction from use of Honda Motorcycles. Quality* To ensure that our products and services meet the set standards of excellence.Local Manufacturing* To be the industry leader in indigenization of motorcycles parts.Technology* To develop and maintain distinct business advantages through continuous induction of improved hard and soft technologies.Shareholders* To ensure health and viability of business and thus safeguarding shareholders interest by maximizing profit. Payments of regular satisfactory dividends and adding value to the shares.Employees* To enhance and continuously up-date each members capabilities and education and to provide an environment which encourages practical expression of the individuals potential in goal directed team efforts and compensate them attractively according to their abilities and performance.Corporate Citizens* To comply with all government laws and regulation, to maintain high standard of ethics in all operations and to act as a re sponsible members of the community.BUSINESS ISSUES IMPACTHigh Price of ProductsDifficult to maintain high quality production at high market demand Complexity in coordination and communication among facilities, vendors and two geographical locations i.e. Karachi and Sheikhupura plants Slow response or long lead-time from the vendors

Mission, Vision and Values

Microsoft is an Ameri rat multinational computer technology confederacy which contributes greatly to the American economy with the revenue contribution. Microsoft is among the largest employer in US. The company is involved in development, manufacture, licensing of wide range of softw be products. Microsoft dominated the home-computer in operation(p) system securities industry in the mid-1980s with Ms-Dos which was phthisisr unfriendly. In the recent past, Microsoft has dominated the operating system market with modern variety of softw ar which is user friendly and this has contributed greatly to its growth. Microsoft best selling products include Microsoft Windows operating system and Microsoft Office assembly of productivity software (Peng and Heide, 1993).Microsoft is presently involved in sale of various products besides operating system and Microsoft Office suites. These products include entertainment in casting of computer games, computer hardware products such as Micros oft mouse. Microsoft has been known for client support by means of Usenet newsgroup and World Wide Web. Microsoft websites receives the highest number of customers as compared to early(a) websites. This can be attributed to the friendly services offered by the company which is customer oriented. The products available from Microsoft Company can be apply for either business of home use (Baillargeon, 1999 Peng and Heide, 1993).Microsoft company strategic plan is to dominate the computer software and hardware market by 2030 through production of efficient user friendly software. The Microsoft which faces a lot of censure by many companies who claim that the companys marketing tactics are forcing employees to be overworked while is using the software. Innovations made by the company hinder entry into the industry. Microsoft plan to monopolize the software industry through patent laws and manufacturing software that obey the command of the manufacturer rather than the user. Microsoft (MS) through software industry aim to dominate the international software market. The company aim to make a good name (Drejer, 2002 Weiss and Piderit, 1999).Microsoft company products attract customers internationally. Customers of Microsoft products are of all ages and due to the latest modification, the products can be used in business, home or both. Application software designed by the Microsoft are used for specific purposes and follow certain specifications depending on the type of organization. Microsoft manufactures it own computer games which are mainly used for home entertainment and their sale have greatly contributed to the rise in revenue accrued from sale (Peng and Heide, 1993).Microsoft vision is to have a positive impact on the world and its peck. The company is committed in mobilizing resources all over the world to create opportunities where business can thrive and improve welfare through technological innovations provided by the company. Microsoft develops softwa re and other Microsoft products that go forth stimulate development of computer literate society. Microsoft is committed to production computer professional who will stimulate development in the business industry. Microsoft vision is achieved through manufacture of updated versions of software that are easy to use and hence promote efficiency in any business that utilize products.Microsoft mission is to assist people each their potential. The company pursues its mission through donation of software, hardware funding and training to programs all over the world. Most persons in various companies have breathing in of becoming excellent in their career and this can only be achieved through acquiring complete and updated information in the specific area of specialization. The individual interests in line with career development are enhanced by the Microsoft Company availability of information concerning the use of hardware and software that are make by the company. The company manufac tures software which incase of problem in operation one can contact the manufacturer (Mathews, Dennis and Economy, 2003 Drejer, 2002).Microsoft company values are customer oriented and recognize the products customer as an employee. The values which are highly observed include integrity, passion for technology, accountability, self-criticism and eagerness act on big challenges that are offered by the business environment. The company embraces change that is inevitable in every society through new technological innovations.Microsoft Company desires to dominate the software market through provision of products that will have positive impact on people and the world in general. The company dominion will encourage uniformness in various organizations through use of Microsoft products and this will promote achievement of the desired potential by individuals and companies.Strategic management should address the public criticism concerning the company products to be able to achieve the obje ctives of the strategic plan. Dominion in the market can only be achieved if the criticisms are addressed. Strategic plan depends on the leadership of the company. The culture of the company has been worldly known for customer support through Usenet and World Wide Web which enhance efficiency in other companies. Success of the strategic plan will have positive impact on most stakeholders especially the beneficiaries who accrue higher dividends from increased profits. However, competitors will become decreased sales success of the plan will improve efficiency of the leadership in the company (Drejer, 2002 Weiss and Piderit, 1999).ReferencesBaillargeon, Emily (1999) Seattle Now a Letter. New England Review. 20. 2, 111-148.Drejer, Anders (2002) Strategic focus and Core Competencies Theory and Application. Westport, CT Quorum Books.Matthews, J., Dennis, Jeff and Economy, Peter (2003). Survival Skills for Starting and Growing a Company. New York Oxford University Press.Peng, Chan, S. a nd Heide, Dorothy (1993) Strategic Alliances in Technology Key Competitive Weapon. surface-to-air missile Advanced Management Journal. 58, 11-56.Weiss, J. A .and Piderit, S. K. (1999) The value of mission statement in public agencies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 9, 121-145.

My Space To Breathe

I have several Indian friends in the Los Angeles area, with whom I have shared good clock and bad. I have slept in their homes, and yet been considered by their parents a genuine part of their families. Yet I disliked the fact that Indian families can often act only the basis of emotions. I beatified their emotionally charged natures on the Indian soap operas they watched day after day. I disliked those Indian shows even though I had watched only two of them in my entire life. Still, I knew that it was best not to t wizard negative emotions in myself.The Indian dramas that my friends families loved to watch daily were just slow motion pictures in my opinion. Each moment of each drama focused on lethargic and unreal adventures in emotions. nobody went very far. Crying getting offensive about everything under the b mightily blue sky and blaming one another were the themes of these shows. I disliked them with all my heart. And, whenever it was time for my friends families to watch those Indian shows, I found myself go forth their homes. I was even uncomfortable leaving in those moments, given that my own negative emotions were obnoxious tolerable to seem to strangle me because I did not understand them at all.In order to understand these emotions, condescension the fact that I loved my Indian families, I made an effort to watch Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee (2006) with my friends another time. dapple watching the show this time, I was observant of my own reactions and feelings. At the same time, I observed the others in the TV lounge watching the show with me. Two of the aunts of my friend, Vijay, sobbed during the show. I tried to suppress my own odd emotions at this point. As luck would have it,Vijay, his mom, and his dad started to laugh during the show soon after I had witnessed his sobbing aunts I relaxed there and then, and from that point on, the show was a breeze.Even though Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee lasts only cardinal minutes each time , five days a week, I disliked it the first two times I watched it. I had witnessed real sad emotional dramas in my Indian friends homes before I had watched the show, which was perchance the main reason why I detested the emotion packed drama on television. I believed that it was the TV drama that had taught my Indian friends to overreact to issues. I also believed that this drama was a bad catch on me Obviously, I was being oversensitive at the same time as I blamed the drama for teaching oversensitivity to its viewers. Besides, I was not thinking that it is the individual himself with the prerogative to allow conditioning of either sort. Nobody can force us to be influenced by anything.Now I have halt detesting the Indian shows that I previously could not digest. I can stay in my friends homes as big as I please. Apart from this, I have understood that my Indian families have a right to feel and believe whatever they do. Choosing emotions over the intellect many a times is t heir choice and responsibility. And if I love them, I must do so regardless of the different perspectives we have about transaction with ourselves and others. While I imagine that I am granting my Indian friends this space to breathe, in actuality this space is mine to occupy. I give up my negative emotions today and for ever. For sure, it was difficult to breathe in negativity.ReferencesStar Plus. (30 declination 2006). Kyunke Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thee. TV Series.

My Memorable Vacation

My Memorable pass Imagine yourself in Orlando, Fl on a roller coaster that is 90 feet up high, and you are seated look row waiting for a 90 degree except facing down. AHH I was in that touch once. My Vacation to Orlando was awesome. The case why it is so memorable to me is beca lend oneself I went to a push-down list of theme parks, I went to impose my family, and I had m to tease apart. To begin with, the theme Parks were incredible. You have Aquatica, Sea World, and Busch Gardens. Bush Gardens is turn up in Tampa, which it is just a few minutes away from Orlando. The roller coaster that we experienced earlier is ensnare in Busch Gardens.This ride takes you 90 feet high in to the air, then it takes you on a fearful drop down combined with twist and turns. There was one roller coaster that I went on c everyed The Cheetah Hunt. Of course, me persuasion I am brave, I chose to sit in the front row. As I was ready to watch up to the ride engineer, the coaster was shot through a straight path that contained trees and animals all around. I could non be able to feel my face or hands through the whole ride and out. In these Theme parks I had the chance to see different animals interact with each other and crimson people.I could never forget the thrill and excitement I had. Second, my vacation did not end there. I had the chance to see my family again. Most of my family lives in Orlando. When we get together, we like to throw parties and make a lot of food. We do what more or less families do, gossip about our lives and our problems. My family tries there hardest to maintain the bond regardless of the distance. The chance to see them again really made me happy and cherish the little moments we share together. What I miss the most is the fact that I would always wake up to breakfast, (cooked by my grandma) and a full house.For some reason we always tried to keep the tradition of having breakfast every morning together as a family no matter what. Being with my family was so much better than being in my house alone. We all had the energy to play games, joke around, and prank each other. My moms side of the family is known as the best pranksters ever. Finally, after all the excitement from my family, it only leads to the relaxation sentence. The environment in Orlando is so peaceful. The run is cloudy most of the time, it tends to stay windy throughout the whole twenty-four hours.The property are a furthest distance apart from each other. So, there is a lot of quietness around. I valued the quadriceps and peace I had. For instance, now I am piled with the same pounds of stress. There is always something that needs to be done or things that I have to do at the last minute. In Orlando I took time to get a massage at a massage parlor. They play this peaceful music that gets you relaxed and they use body oils that release heat onto the muscles. That gets the body to relax more and ease the pains. Going home legal opinion refreshed and energized was the best feeling.When I arrived at the hotel, I played a hypnosis CD and began to release my thoughts and relax my body, until I fell asleep. To conclude, my vacation to Orlando was so memorable to me. I had gone to the Theme parks and make happy rides, I had a chance to spend quality time with my family, and I was able to have time to relax. Memories are the only experiences we have that we tend to cherish the most. Certain things whitethorn happen to us that may not have a meaning. But, you would always have that one special memory and mine was the day I took this vacation. Vanessa Valentin-Rosado Enc 0021 Thursday 540 810 Ref 644451 10-20-11

The Glorious Revolution

The brainy transmutation has many significant instruments, and events, but there were ternary main ones that stood bulge more than the other ones. The three events or factors were The tribulation Act, William and Mary, and jam II .In this essay I volition go more in depth into the three significant factors or events.One of the factors is The Test Act. The Test Act is a law that was passed by Parliament that made it to where it was needed an oath of protest loyalists to resist Catholics from holding public office. Parliament thought of this law because Cromwell was able to just take it a means because he was a military leader. So they didnt want the kings to be able to just come in and bunk rid of them again like Cromwell did.Another event that happened is bringing in William and Mary. The Tories and the Whigs invited them to come overthrow crowd II. They felt as that they needed a protestant as a king and because they didnt feel that James II was doing what he should do a s king. William and Marry brought 14,000 soldiers because they thought that they would have to get into a fight to get James II out of the office. They excessively cute to keep the Church of England for their Protestantism.The last factor was James II. He was a factor of the Glorious Revolution because he was catholic and Parliament wanted and Protestant king because a catholic was trying to get rid of all the things Protestantism has done. So they throw to overthrow James II with Protestants. He also tried to make England back catholic and he passed laws that go against the Parliament. So parliament decided to get rid of James II.In conclusion the Glorious Revolution has many different factors and events. In this essay I told you all the most significant three that I think is the most important. The Test Act, William and Mary, James II. This is my essay on the Glorious Revolution.The Glorious RevolutionFrancisco Saravia-Jimenez2012-11-HIS-101-OL011 Western Civilization I What d id the Glorious Revolution that took settle in England in 1688 achieve, and why is it referred to as glorious? The Glorious Revolution of 1688 involved the overthrow of King James II from the throne of England. James, throughout his short reign, attempted to catholicize the army and government by getting his supporters into Parliament. When James had a son, England unify against the prospect of a Catholic dynasty and sought help from William of Orange.William arrived in England in November of 1688 and marched unopposed all the way to London. James fled to France and after he was denounced by Parliament, William of Orange was offered the throne if he would accept limitations on his powers. He accepted. One of the most amazing things about the Glorious Revolution was the abilityof political opposition, such as the Tories and the Whigs, to come together under a common cause. Such widespread unity throughout a nation had never been seen and it set the table for a peaceful takeover of a dictator.There were many achievements in the Glorious Revolution. Firstly, as previously mentioned, it was one of the first times an overthrow of a government required no blood to be shed. Also, it helped to issue in the broadsheet of Rights, which redefined the relationship between the monarch and the subjects. The Bill of Rights is one of the most important documents in history. It guaranteed the freedom of speech, the freedom of elections, parliamentary approval of taxation and the slump to petition.Additionally it dismissed cruel and unusual punishment, standing armies and the monarchs ability to suspend law whenever he or she pleased. It also stated that no Catholic could succeed to the throne of England, thus eliminating the possibility of a Roman Catholic dynasty. The Claim of Right was issued in Scotland in 1689 and was basically the same document as the Bill of Rights. The confusion Act, which limited royal use of martial law to one year, was also put in place in 1689. The Toleration Act was issued as well, and it gave freedom of worship to Dissenters. Overall, the Glorious Revolution was significant in many ways. It establishedone of the firstConstitutional Monarchies by extending the power of the Parliament. In doing so, the power of the monarchy was in earnest limited. It marked a milestone, in which practical power shifted from the monarchy to the Parliament. That power that the Parliament had gained from the Glorious Revolution was never successfully challenged again.

Israel & the Palestinian Territories Conflict Essay

I. Topic BackgroundThe Israel/Palestine conflict in conclusion boils down to religious tension, and is part of the larger Arab/Israeli conflict. In 1948, the U.N. partiti one(a)d the region of Palestine into two states, one Jewish, and one Arab, to address the ongoing Jewish-Arab tension. Jewish leaders accepted the plan, the Palestinian government did not, and the result was a short-lived civil war which ended with Israel declaring independence on May 14, 1948. For decades after the civil-war, Arab nations refused to recognize Israels legitimacy as a nation, and in 1964 formed the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In the Six-Day contend of 1967, Israel captured the Gaza strip and Jerusalem from Egypt, and westernmost Bank from Jordan. In response, several Arab nations banded together and launched the Yom Kippur War against Israel. No definitive gains were made by either side, however it did lead to the Camp David Accords of 1978, which led to the Egypt-Israeli Treaty.Tensi ons sparked into violence yet again in 1987 with the First Intifada, in which Palestinians living in Israeli-occupied territory revolted. The First Intifada practise the creation of Hamas, founded by Ahmed Yassin and Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, an armed resistance establishment that is prevalent in the current Gaza situation. In the capital of Norway Peace Process of 1993, Israel and the PLO tried unsuccessfully to negotiate a peace agreement. Its failure was credited to the lose of effort on both sides to uphold the conditions established by the process, such as the promised decrease Israeli settlement activity in West Bank and Gaza, and the acceptance of Israel as a legitimate nation. In 2000, the Second Intifada broke out in wake of the failed peace attempt. In 2003, Israeli aboriginal minister Ariel Sharon announced a disengagement plan, which constituted the removal of Israeli civilian and military aim in Gaza, to refute the claim that Gaza was an occupied territory.However, t he 2006 elections of the Palestinian Legislative Council gave rise to the increased political male monarch of Hamas, which complicated any existing attempts at peace. InDecember 2008, Israeli military forces launched Operation assign Lead in response to repeated mortar attacks from Hamas on Israeli civilian areas. Since then, hundreds of Palestinians have been killed, including hundreds of Palestinian civilians. On January 18th, 2009, a ceasefire took effect, which has put a end to the violence, at least temporarily.II. Past ActionsIn 1947, the puppyish U.N. partitioned the conflicted region of the British mandate of Palestine into two states, Israel and Palestine. Though the Security Council has primary responsibility for the bread and butter of international peace and security, it has not been able to address and reinfluence the Israel-Palestine conflict. The Council has taken no significant doing since 1967, when it passed Resolution 242 calling on Israel to relinquish the t erritories acquired during its war with Syria and Egypt. The UN has condemned Israel for killing civilians in the Gaza Strip. Many resolutions made by the UN to resolve the conflict have been vetoed by the US, including the demand for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza in 2006. The US has repeatedly used its veto power in favor of Israel, and, using its influence, has steered the issue away from the UN agenda. In January 2009, the US again blocked the UNs demand for an immediate ceasefire.III. Country PolicySince the start of Israels onslaught in Gaza, our Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has shuttled between Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan and Syria in a proactive attempt to achieve a ceasefire. We have verbally assailed Israel for the killing of Palestinian innocents in Gaza and in general. If any noticeable progress is to be made, Israeli military presence must be withdrawn from the Gaza Strip. Palestinian homes are often bulldozed by Israeli forces in attempts to elimi nate possible terrorist cover, even though a majority of the houses contain Palestinian civilians. Practices such as these must be put to an end. Polls taken in Israel and Palestine prove that Gaza and West Bank are regarded as Palestinian territory, and should remain so. Hamas must end its aggression towards Israel, as rocket attacks are what instigated the Gaza strip conflict of 2008-2009.More importantly, the United States must cooperate with the UN to create a peace resolution, as it has been the blockade of peace attempts dating back manyyears due to its pro-Israel bias. The West Bank, an Israeli settlement, is also an obstacle. Now, Erdogan is using contacts with Hamas, and its backers Iran and Syria, and contacts with Israel and the West, to assume a leading role in trying to talk terms a cease-fire. In regards to the refugees present in Gaza, NGOs such as Doctors Without Borders and Red hybridizing could be implemented to ensure no further degradation of human rights take s place. We again stress the guide for an effective cease-fire to which both Israel and the territory of Palestine respect, there is little prospect Israel can solve the Gaza crisis solely by military means.

Mining in the Philippines Essay

A. IntroductionThe Philippine Government believes that a well-developed minerals industry is an option that can catalyze economic development and community empowerment. Minerals are part of its theme patrimony, hence there is a big responsibility to maximize the benefits that can be derived from their utilization with due regard to the protection of the surround and without sacrificing the interests of communities.The legal and administrative framework governing the minerals industry in the Philippines is contained in Republic Act No. 7942 (otherwise known as the Philippine archeological site Act of 1995) and given remove by its revised implementing rules and regulations (Administrative Order No. 96-40) and its subsequent amendments. These policies advocate the sustainable development of mineral resources in the country.While both the Mining Act and its regulations provide a strong focus on environmental and social management, they continue to be the subject of debate by some non- government organizations who are questioning the compatibility of stemma and utilization of minerals with sustainable development. Also, they have questioned the constitutionality of the major provisions of the Mining Act governing the participation of foreign-owned corporations in the exploration, development and utilization of these mineral resources by filing a case at the Supreme butterfly in February, 1997.After eight years of study, the high court initially decided to sustain the inject of the contesting parties. However, after successful presentation of arguments by Government and industry on the merits of allowing foreign investors to participate in the development of the minerals industry, the case was finally resolved in December 1, 2004 when the high court reversed its previous decision and upheld the constitutionality of the contested provisions in the Mining Act. With this legal impediment removed, exploration and development activities in the Philippine minerals in dustry is due to become vibrant once again.Compared to previous policy regimes on mining, the Mining Act calls for a greater responsibility from Government and the industry. Mining companies are expected to work nestled with stakeholders to improve the quality of life within the communities where they operate. As regulator, Government, on the other hand, has the responsibility of establishing and maintaining the enabling environment for a sustainable development of the industry.Minerals development in the country is led by no less(prenominal) than the President of the Republic of the Philippines. In her declaration of a policy shift in mining from gross profit margin to promotion, minerals development was elevated among the priority economic activities in the country during her presidential tenure. Early this year, she gestural Executive Order No. 270 which approved a national policy agenda on ameliorate the minerals industry based on the principles of sustainable development. Fr om this order, a Minerals Action Plan (MAP) was subsequently formulated by Government to chart a roadmap for the future development of the minerals industry. Minerals development is now an important component of the fair Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010.

Role of secretariat of the United Nations Research Paper

Role of secretariat of the joined Nations - Research Paper usageWorkers hired on a contract for less than a year sum up to almost 30000 from 180 states. The secretariat ascertains general guiding principles and offers over all(prenominal) regulation to the Organization. Its headquarters are situated in New York, with regional offices all over the world. Table of Contents Introduction The United Nations Secretariat - a orbiculate workforce functioning at duty stations all over the world - performs a number of tasks for the Organization. It facilitates the other major bodies of the United Nations in administering the plans and strategies. The role played by the Secretariat is as varied as the issues that the United Nations faces. These issues include, but are not limited to (1) managing peacekeeping functions, (2) arbitrating global arguments, (3) studying fiscal as well as societal drifts and difficulties, and (4) organizing forums on constitutional rights and sustainable growth. S ecretariat faculty is also responsible for regularly updating the media regarding the work of the United Nations arrange external discussions on subjects of global distress and understand speeches and translate documents into the official languages (English and French) of the Organization (Meisler, 2011, p. 21). From the time of its foundation, the Secretariat has gone through elongated restructuring. During the first quarter of year 2005, Secretary-General Kofi Annan recommended quite a lot of transformations for the Secretariat. He declared his targets of hiring a good consultant, forming a peace-maintaining deliver group, set up a cabinet-style executive system, and make the conciliation task stronger. He moreover requested the legislative body to (1) provide suitable finances for a one-time staff buyout (Zacklin, 2010, p. 102) (2) to support him in modifying budgetary as well as human resources regulations (3) to give the Secretary-General additional decision-making power as well as flexibility (4) to support the Office of Internal Oversight Services and (5) to evaluate all directives that are more than five years old to notice whether the activities concerned are still genuinely required or whether the funds allocated to them can be transferred latest emerging challenges. Hypothesis Recently, the Secretariat of United Nations is becoming more and more involved in global peacekeeping issues and this increased involvement modifying the affection operations of the organization. The Evolving Role of UN Secretariat The role of the UN Secretariat is generally administrative and incorporates the translation of papers in addition to the organization of conferences. It guarantees that the UN as well as its agencies operates efficiently. Besides, the Secretariat can as well intervene in global arguments and study fiscal and social drifts. It is also in charge for cor actence with the media. The Secretariat is formed exclusively of civilians (approximately 25 0) and has some 40,000 staff members around the world (Negroponte, 2012, p. 122). As international civil servants, employees and the Secretary-General respond to the United Nations only for their actions and take a pledge not to look for or accept orders from some(prenominal) Government or external power. According to the Charter, each member state undertakes to respect the exclusively international character of the responsibilities of the Secretary-General and the staff and to refrain from seeking to influence them improperly in the discharge of their duties

MGM330-0704A-04 Business Decision-Making - Phase 2 DB Essay

MGM330-0704A-04 transmission line Decision-Making - Phase 2 DB - Essay ExampleThe three options of credit discount incentive offers atomic number 18 cash back on online purchases, cash back on purchases at clothing stores and entry into a sweepstakes every time the customer utilizes the credit card. The key quantitative tool that determines which option is more irresistible for the customer is probability. Probability is the chance of an event occurring (McClave & Benson & Sincich, 2001). For example if a person flips a coin which has unaccompanied two possible outcomes the probability of the coin landing on heads is 50%. The Piggy case provides around research which thunder mug help a statistician determine the probability of a client attractive a sweepstakes. The odds of gentle a prize are 1 in 1000, thus the chances of winning are 0.1%. The company determines that the average American makes 52 credit card purchases a year. Each of these 52 occurrences represents a separate event with a probability of 0.1% of winning the prize. The value the customer receives can be compared to buying 52 one dollar lotto tickets. There are lotteries that offer a 1 in 1000 chance of winning $500 when a person purchases a $1 ticket. The draw of this option depends of what is the actual prize of the sweepstakes the company is offering.The other probability of the other two option can not be determine right now without additional data, but this does not mean that an sign analysis can not be performed. As far as the probability the two options comply a different probability called subjective probability. Subjective probability utilizes statistical models based on olden information in which two different players may have different probabilities for the occurrence of a corresponding event (Levine & Stephan & Krehbiel & Berenson, 2006). To understand this concept lets analyze each option. The online purchases option implies that a person will be attractive by the incenti ve because the customer can get cash on online

Financial Statement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial financial statement Analysis - Essay ExampleThe apperal industry is a generated $276 billion in gross revenue in the year 2005 (Plunkett Research). Competition in this industry is fierce and the production of let loose end products is being cannibilized by the Asian markets which includes India, The Peoples Republic of China and Pakistan among other nations. In order to apperal companies to suceed in develop nation they must use a branding strategy to narrow their products. The two apperal companies analyzed in this report are glutton World Wide Inc. and The Timberland Company.Wolverine World Wide Inc (WWW) is company with a rich history dating back to the year 1883 when it was founded by G.A Krause. The company is dedicated to producing and selling branded footwear, apperal and accessories products. Some of the licenced brands the company owns include Bates, Cat Footwear, Harley-Davidson Footwear, ease Puppies, Merrell, Pantagonia Footwear, Sebago, and Wolverine a po rtfolio of product which help generate 47 million pairs of shoe sales in 2006 (Annual Report Wolverine 2006). The company is a global player with a physical precense in oer 180 countries worldwide. The companys target market is North America which represents the majority of the company sales (43%). Emerging markets such(prenominal) as Europe were growth drivers in 2006, the European region had a 10% sales growth during that fiscal year. The company has expanded its product offerign to move beyond being a shoe manufacturer. The firm offerrs many apperal and accessories products, a strategy that takes advantage of the branded image recognition of lines such as Sebago which are known for their quality, great designs and durability.In 2006 Wolverine generated $1141.9 in revenues. Appendix A shows the 2006 Income Statement of Wolverine. The years total sales was a significant improvement over the results of the last fewer years. The 2006 sales total represent an 8% sales

Corporate Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corporate Communications - Essay ExampleCorporate CommunicationsIn right aways work educational institutions, organisations, dynamic and cultural environment require employees and students to work together in concourses at certain coordinative and tolerant levels. This will provide vast experience of working in teams or groups. Members of the team should apply reflective practice for the success of the team. In everything we do we learn from experience. by and by analysing previous experiences it gives us deep understanding of what was done, why it was a failure or a success, and what could suffer been done for better results. Reflection enables teams, groups, and individuals to improve working practices and move forward. It reinforces sense of accomplishment and competence at the same m helps in recognising areas of weaknesses. The concept of practice is where an individual has an active idea which reflects on dissimilar events and use what they learn from them to improve futu re events. Reflective practice has been recognised as substantive expertness for individuals who are required to evaluate and analyse their professional or personal performance. An effective teamwork is both intemperate and simple this is because there energy be lack of cooperation, limited resources, and misunderstanding between group pieces. Factors, which change the groups and teamwork, are both in the work environment and within the team itself. The team should understand the targets and goals and pay themselves to attain them. This is a clear agreement and direction as purpose and mission are essential for effective groups and teamwork. This will enable the team to cause clarity as reinforcement in an giving medication having clean and precise expectations for the groups goals, accountability, outcomes, and work. In some(prenominal) groups I have participated and experience they erupt or get poor results due to lack of understanding on the goals of the team or group. The initiatory thing the team or group should do is to set goals and targets such that they will fight to fill the goals. This will lead to better results and findings as each and every member of the group will have understood and commit themselves on the task for achievements. A team creates a comfortable environment where heap or members can take reasonable risks in advocating positions, taking action, and communicating. Team members should not be punished when they disagree this will discourage them in participating on future events or even lead-in to the collapse of the team. The disagreement should be treated as weaknesses on the team and look for solutions for successful group work in future. Communication should be respectful, honest and open in the team discussions. In many groups, some members do not have freedom to express their points. This will lead to contribution of points by few members this is a weakness in the team as there will be confinement in the ideas con tributed. In many groups minority members are not given time to contribute, they are hold in by the leaders and this is a major problem which should be urgently addressed (Cornelissen, 2004, p. 38). These minor members might have important points but due to the suppression, they are not heard. The team members should be given time to ask questions for clarifications, in this regard, they will spend their thought listening keenly and not forming rebuttals when another member is speaking. The team members have a

Journal for my Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journal for my Presentation - Essay ExampleAvatar is a 2009 science fiction pullulate by James Cameron. Putting aside the terrific story, plot, and concept, the movie is a visual treat. It is a next generation film using the most innovative forms of technology. The movie was detain since 1990 as Cameron was waiting for the techniques to advance so that he could use the best ones to portray his vision. Thus, in 2009 Cameron released his masterpiece using technologies that were never seen before. He used the photorealistic computer-generated characters which were created with the motion-capture animation technique.Other innovations included the advanced structure of brightness level for areas as huge as Pandoras jungle. There was also a motion-capture stage used which was closely six times bigger than any other previously used volume. There was also a technology used which captured facial expressions in an improved way that enabled full performance capture. This technology pertain face capturing of the actors who wore skull caps which were made for them according to their facial structure. These skull caps were fitted along with a small camera positioned in the bird-scarer of the actors faces. These skull caps captured information about the facial expressions of the actors and were transmitted to the computers.Through this technique, the filmmakers were able to capture and impartation all the actors expressions and performances to their digital devices. This enabled the filmmakers to use the actual physical performance and expressions of the actors making the film extremely attractive and essential for the visual effects. Besides this technique, there were several reference cameras which gave multiple angles to the digital artists for each of their performance (Bimber 15). The film was not only made using new and innovative technologies, exclusively it was also released in 3D which was a whole different experience for the viewers.Another example of the w ays digital effects have entered our mass media

Critical analysis and evaluation of capital punishment as a method of Research Paper

Critical analysis and military rating of majuscule penalisation as a method of crime control in the U.S.A - Research authorship Example............................4 B. Contemporary purpose..4 II. watchword A. Deterrence..5 B. Brutalisation Effect....6 C. strife....7 III. Conclusion A. Capital Punishment and Crime Control..9 References.10 I. Introduction A. Capital Punishment With any judicial punishment, people exit have an issue with the philosophical, religious or ethical values of a person. The implementation of the new judgement system or consideration of the old one, each country will take plenty of time as they need to know about the cause and the make of the righteousness on the society. According to Hodgkinson & Schabas (2004), across much of the world, capital punishment remains extraordinarily flexible factor and symbol of public policy. Though it was introduced to create an environment free of crime, the issue with it is increasing these days. Capital punishment would clearly work as a special discouragerent. But it may lead to brutalisation effects in the society. While the subject of capital punishment has always involved the students of penal policy and criminology, it has in addition long been documented as spanning the spectrum of political philosophy (Nisbett, 1993). The issue of capital punishment is at the touch of defining the kind of humanity essential for its citizen. As Hodgkinson & Schabas (2004) observes, while certain fundamental norms which restrict the performance of capital punishment have become relatively well accepted, the question of elimination has become more(prenominal) and more controversial within for a such as the General Assembly of the United Nations. spheric perspectives allow opportunity to trace the occurrence of the demolition penalty and the application of capital punishment with notice to the changeover from customary to the contemporary societies. For example, in the Chinese criminal justice syst em, with its unmistakable dependence upon the death penalty, it bears the impression of many conventional Chinese legal norms and values (Nisbett, 1993). B. Contemporary Purpose Capital punishments atomic number 18 mostly used for drug related offences. They are also used in cases of juvenile disorders and successive killers. Killing of a single serial killer or a psychopath would certainly deter various other crimes caused by them (Lawyersnjurists.com, 2013). Capital punishments have received much publicity and it has welcomed lots of criticisms. II. Discussion A. Deterrence Considering the article on abolition of capital punishment by Amnesty International (2013), capital punishment expands on disagreement of four points in the non-governmental organizations operation for the capital punishment abolishment Discrimination, Deterrence, Cruelty and Irrevocability. It draws attention to the discrimination done between the minorities and the upper class people. The deterrence from cr ime, a factor argued by advocates of the death penalty, is not promoted by capital punishment. The article hence tries to egg on the entire abolishment. 1 Many political leaders also regard deterrence of crimes as the completely

Perception of tone, intonation and focus Dissertation

Perception of tone, modulation and focus - Dissertation ExampleThe double-articulation theory and any definition of language based upon it leaves a encompassing margin, for which the name prosody is today a widespread designation. (PhonoMei, 272) Tones, or as some people c wholly them tonemes, grant exactly the same function as phonemes they are typical, which means that the speaker, at a certain institutionalize in the message, will have to choose between a number of them in order to read just what he wants to say. It is, of course, perfectly immaterial whether the choice is conscious or not. If tones are not considered distinctive features of vocalic phonemes, it is because they are usually found to affect, not a vowel phoneme as much(prenominal), but a syllabic nucleus, often made up of two or more(prenominal) phonemes or even more than one syllable. Chinese Languages and Intonational Features Of more importance for the history of Chinese is the way in which glottal featur es bath affect vowels Voiced aspiration, or murmur, easily spreads from a consonant into an adjacent vowel, and the effects of this have been beta in the development of tonal systems in Chinese and Southeast Asian languages. (Chang, 636) The dissimilation between soft aspiration at the beginning and end of syllables, known as Grassmans Law, that occurred in Sanskrit and Ancient Greek was in all likelihood the result of the spreading of the voiced aspiration into the vowel in this way. A quite different descriptor of glottal activity combined with a vowel is called creaky voice. It stands between normal give tongue to and glottal stop in the same way that murmur, or voiced glottal friction, stands between normal voicing and voiceless glottal friction, or h. In Burmese the so-called creaky tone is found in syllables that formerly ended in a glottal stop and still have a faltering glottal closure, contrasting to the strong final glottal stop that is derived from method suggested above for indicating the glottal features of obstruents. (Ting, 632) wizard could suggest. Creaky sonorants would thence be written a + ?, m + ?, and so on. It is not known whether all languages have this same binary structure for macrosegments. Many reports on different languages pass over the number of intonation in complete silence. A few specifically state that there are no intonational differences which can be subsumed within the description of the linguistic system, even though there are ups and downs of lean which seem to be semi-organized culturally, at least to show some correlation with speakers mood. Since detailed and effective intonational outline is relatively recent, statements of the kind are not to be trusted more thorough work with such languages may reveal full-fledged, if simple, intonational systems. If, indeed, there are languages in which no distinctive intonational differences are to be found, then this affords us a typologic criterion. Not all utterance s in a language conform neatly to the macrosegment-pause-intonation-remainder scheme. (Tsay, 88) around always one is forced to recognize that some utterings are broken off before they derive a normal boundary between macrosegments. If a man is shot, or has to sneeze or hiccup, in the middle of a sentence, it is easy enough to regard the linguistically relevant event as having been baseball swing off by an intrusive agent, and to discard the particular event as irrelevant for linguistic analysis. exactly in the normal